Modern methods of using industrial crossing, keeping conditions and obtaining additional energy carriers from purebred and crossbred animals

Abstract

This topic covers a wide range of aspects, including improving the genetic potential of animals through industrial crossbreeding, ensuring optimal housing conditions, and developing technologies for efficient use of the energy generated by these animals. Modern methods of industrial crossbreeding are determined by strategic plans to improve the genetic pool of animals to obtain more productive and disease-resistant offspring. Using advanced genetic technologies and modern breeding methods enhances product quality and ensures resistance to adverse factors. Considering the physiological needs of different breeds, providing appropriate nutrition and maintenance following current standards helps maintain high productivity and ensure the harmonious development of animals. In obtaining additional energy carriers, the latest technologies for using livestock waste in biogas, compost, and other energy resources are being studied. This contributes not only to the improvement of the environmental sustainability of farms but also to the use of internal resources for additional energy production. Summing up, modern approaches to the use of industrial crossing, housing conditions, and obtaining other energy carriers help solve complex tasks in animal husbandry, providing an optimal balance between productivity, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. It was established that the dynamics of live weight gains were more incredible in ½ Charolais steers when kept on deep litter, and on average up to 15 months, the average daily gains amounted to 947.9 g per day, and in purebreds under box keeping – 815.9 g; the absolute gains in live weight of purebred bulls of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed, when kept in boxes for up to 15 months, reached 367.1 kg, which is 16.18 % less than that of ½ Charolais bulls when kept on deep bedding, with a probable difference of Р < 0.001. Innovative approaches to the use of the effect of heterosis and the conditions of keeping overrepair bulls in the production of beef have positive results, where ½ Charolais crossbreeds in conditions of keeping on deep bedding reach 453.9 kg by the age of 15 months, and their purebred counterparts – 406.7 kg, with a probable difference of P < 0.001. The results of the economic efficiency of the use of industrial crossbreeding, keeping conditions of purebred and crossbred bulls, show additional profits per head of 1,468.8 UAH ½ Charolais (maintenance on deep litter) and an increase in the level of profitability by 34.40 % compared to purebred Ukrainian black and white bulls dairy breed (maintenance boxing).