The Characteristics of the Cell-Mediated Immune Response Identify Different Profiles of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Zerbini, Alessandro; Pilli, Massimo; Boni, Carolina; Fisicaro, Paola; Penna, Amalia; Vincenzo, Paola Di; Giuberti, T.; Orlandini, A.; Raffa, G.; Pollicino, Teresa; Raimondo, Giovanni; Ferrari, Carlo; Missale, Gabriele

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.02.017

Cited by 117 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…53 This finding is also of interest, because this area is positioned in the transitional zone between the Asian and Australian biogeographical regions, where parallel evolution and genotypic adaptation have occurred in organisms ranging from microbes to plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and primates. 24 This might be considered in the explanation of the high OHB cases in this study, because differences in the HBV-specific host immune response have been described as one of the possible mechanisms leading to occult HBV, 54 as indicated by the presence of anti-HBs in 77.5% (38/49) of OHB cases in this study. Thus, this area offers a unique opportunity to investigate the implications of the host-virus interactions in determining the outcome of HBV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Young Adults in Ternate, Eastern Indonesia

Ie¹,

Turyadi²,

Sidarta³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been declining thanks to the universal hepatitis B infant immunization program. Nevertheless, young adults born before the program implementation might have acquired HBV in early childhood or remain susceptible to infection. This study aimed to evaluate hepatitis B epidemiology in asymptomatic young adult population in Ternate, eastern Indonesia. Serum samples of 376 subjects (aged 17-25, mean 19.82 ± 1.69 years; male/female 138/238) were screened for HBV parameters serologically (HBV surface antigen [HBsAg]; its antibody [anti-HBs]; anti-core antigen [anti-HBc]), and molecularly (HBV DNA). HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and HBV DNA prevalence were 15.7%, 36.2%, 24.2%, and 27.9%, respectively, with male predominance. Of all subjects, 13.0% were HBsAg negative with detectable HBV DNA (occult hepatitis B [OHB]), and 56.4% showed negativity for all seromarkers. This population showed high hepatitis B prevalence with substantial occurrence of OHB. However, a high percentage of the population were still susceptible and at risk of HBV infection. This study emphasizes the necessity to improve prevention strategies to screen and manage HBV carriers, including the adoption of catch-up or booster vaccination targeted to young adult populations. Investigations on the roles of host-virus interactions associated with OHB and its implications are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Young Adults in Ternate, Eastern Indonesia

Ie¹,

Turyadi²,

Sidarta³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…HBsAg-negative phase can show low level of virus DNA in the body: it is detected in liver and rarely in serum [8]. That is why this phase does not mean full recovery, since a relapse can occur any moment [9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting occult hepatitis B when testing donated blood

Zh.G.¹,

Фазылов²

2017

Bulletin of RSMU

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ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ОККУЛЬТНОГО ГЕПАТИТА B ПРИ ТЕСТИРОВАНИИ ДОНОРСКОЙ КРОВИЭпидемиологическую опасность представляют лица с оккультным (латентным) гепатитом B. Исследование крови до-норов только на поверхностный антиген вируса (hepatitis B virus, HBV) HBsAg не может обеспечить полную инфекци-онную безопасность крови, следствием чего может быть посттрансфузионная передача инфекции. Это объясняется тем, что вирус присутствует в организме даже при отрицательном HBsAg. В работе проанализированы данные 61 155 доноров Республиканского центра крови (Казань), полученные в 2010-2014 гг. Анализировали результаты тестирова-ния на HBsAg, anti-HBc-total, anti-HBc IgM (методом иммуноферментного анализа) и определения ДНК вируса в крови (методом полимеразной цепной реакции в «реальном времени»). Установлено, что доноры с оккультным гепатитом B выявляются ежегодно, хотя и отмечена тенденция к снижению их числа. Для предотвращения распространения ви-руса в популяции рекомендуется ввести в стандарт диагностики HBV-инфекции определение маркера anti-HBc-total.Ключевые слова: оккультный гепатит B, латентный гепатит B, HBV-инфекция, донор, кровь, иммуноферментый ана-лиз, ПЦР-диагностика, HBsAg, anti-HBc-total, anti-HBc IgM DETECTING OCCULT HEPATITIS B WHEN TESTING DONATED BLOODIndividuals carrying occult (latent) hepatitis B pose epidemiological threat. Testing donated blood donors for surface antigen HBsAg (hepatitis B virus, HBV) only does not allow to assume the blood safe from the point of view of infections, which can result in post-transfusion transmission of infection. Lack of confidence here is due to the fact that the virus is present in the body even when HBsAg is negative. The study analyzes data of 61,155 blood donors of the Republican Blood Center (Kazan), collected in 2010-2014. The tests applied were those aimed at detecting HBsAg, anti-HBc-total, anti-HBc IgM (enzyme immunoassay), and determining DNA of the virus in the blood by polymerase chain reaction in "real time". It was found that donors with occult hepatitis B are identified each year, but their numbers decrease gradually. To prevent the spread of the virus it is recommended to add the anti-HBc-total test to the standard set of diagnostic tests.

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“…When screening donors blood, this is especially important, since donor blood is used mainly in patients with severe course of various diseases characterized by increased susceptibility to HBV against immunosuppression. The importance of detecting OHB in the population and in blood donors was also shown in the study of a specific immune response, where the severity of the Th1 response in patients with OHB was significantly higher than in patients with symptomatic CHBV in the phase of inactive HBV carrier [14,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

RESULTS OF GENOTYPING HEPATITIS VIRUS B IN HBsAg-NEGATIVE BLOOD DONORS IN ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN

Ostankova

Семенов

Буркитбаев

et al. 2018

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

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Abstract. The prevalence of HBV infection is estimated by the frequency of occurrence of HBsAg and varies depending on the geographic region. Chronic infection is characterized by a stable presence of HBsAg for 6 months, with the exception of the occult form of the disease, characterized by the absence of HBsAg, an extremely low level of HBV DNA in the blood serum. The problem of identifying occult HBV (ocHBV) is especially relevant because of the development of transplantology and transfusiology. However, serological screening of donor blood used in the Russian Federation and Central Asian countries does not reveal HBV seronegative donors. Since HBV infection is possible with the introduction of small doses of the virus, the importance of using complex molecular methods for detecting donor ocHBV is obvious, despite the low viral load, since donor blood is used predominantly in patients with severe course of various diseases characterized by increased susceptibility to HBV because of immunosuppression. The aim of our work was to study the characteristics of the genetic structure of the ocHBV in donors in Astana, Kazakhstan. A total of 500 blood plasma samples from HBsAg-negative donors were obtained in 2012 from residents of Kazakhstan, Astana. Using the method, we proposed to detect HBV DNA with a low viral load, HBV was detected in 9.4% of donors. Serological markers were found in 12.7% of patients with HBV DNA, 8.5% had HBcor IgG antibodies, 4.2% had HBcor IgG and HBe IgG antibodies at the same time. Thus, in 41 (87.3%) of the blood donor, ocHBV was seronegative. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the 47 isolates showed that the HBV of genotype D (95.75%) prevails in the examined group in comparison with HBV of genotype A (4.25%). HBV subgenotypes are represented in the following ratios: D1 -46.8%, D2 -17.05%, D3 -31.9%, A2 -4.25%. In a comparative analysis, the distribution of HBV subgenotypes in the group with ocHBV and in the case of the manifest form in donors in the Republic of Kazakhstan significantly differed -χ 2 = 14.027 at p = 0.0072, d f = 4. The incidence of HBV D3 with ocHBV (31.9%) exceeded that of patients with a manifest form (7.4%). The relative risk of occult form of disease in patients with the subgenotype D3 is significantly higher (RR = 1.572, CI: 1.179-2.096, p = 0.0208). When assessing the picture of HBV diversity on the material of the group including HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive blood donors, it is evident that the genetic relationship of the manifestations of the manifest HBV and the ocHBV of genotype D is obvious. Among the isolates are both similar in nucleotide sequences with those previously described in various regions of Europe and Central Asia, and circulating in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which indicates an independent homologous evolution of HBV in the region. The high incidence of ocHBV among HBsAg-negative blood donors is indicative not only of the widespread prevalence of the occult form of the disease course in the population and the inadequacy ...

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The Characteristics of the Cell-Mediated Immune Response Identify Different Profiles of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Cited by 117 publications

References 26 publications

High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Young Adults in Ternate, Eastern Indonesia

High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Young Adults in Ternate, Eastern Indonesia

Detecting occult hepatitis B when testing donated blood

RESULTS OF GENOTYPING HEPATITIS VIRUS B IN HBsAg-NEGATIVE BLOOD DONORS IN ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN

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