In this study we investigated the mechanisms of action and effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis No.2 when utilized alone and in conjunction with a humic fertilizer (HF). Different mechanisms of action of B. subtilis No.2 and HF Stimulife on tomato plants Original Research Article

The expression of TSP-1 gene mRNA and TSP-1 protein in the placental tissue was studied during normal pregnancy and in gestosis. The formation of placental tissue in normal gestation was associated with expression of TSP-1 gene mRNA and of TSP-1 protein. Gestosis was associated with inflammatory reaction in the placenta characterized by increased counts of lymphocytes and macrophages in the villous stroma and involution degenerative changes in tissue. Disorders in placental villi maturation and branching in gestosis were paralleled by hyperexpression of TSP-1 gene mRNA by placental cells and hyperexpression of TSP-1 protein predominating in the stromal elements of terminal villi and near villous vessels.

Резюме. Изучали распространенность штаммов, устойчивых к цефалоспоринам расширенного спектра и карбапенемам, среди K. pneumoniae и E. coli, выделенных из клинического материала пациентов семи стационаров Санкт-Петербурга в период с января по май 2012 г. Доля штаммов, устойчивых к цефалоспоринам, колебалась в различных стационарах: E. coli-от 7,8 до 50%, K. pneumoniae-от 25,4 до 88,4%. Устойчивость была обусловлена продукцией бета-лактамаз расширенного спектра семейства СТХ-М, которые относились главным образом к группе СТХ-М-1, а также СТХ-М-2 и СТХ-М-9. В трех стационарах выявили 22 полирезистентных штамма K. pneumoniae, устойчивых к карбапенемам. Метод MАLDI-TOF MS показал, что резистентность к карбапенемам у всех штаммов была обусловлена продукцией карбапенемаз, которые согласно результатам тестов ROSCO Diagnostica относились к классу металлоβ-лактамаз. У всех изученных штаммов выявлен ген металло-β-лактамазы New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM-1). Результаты проведенных исследований показали, что в странах Балтийского региона (включая Россию, Санкт-Петербург) ведущим механизмом резистентности к цефалоспоринам штаммов E. coli и K. pneumoniae, выделенных в стационарах, является продукция СТХ-М-1. Впервые в России выделены штаммы K. pneumoniae, продуцирующие металло-β-лактамазу NDM-1, причем одновременно в нескольких стационарах Санкт-Петербурга.

The article presents the results of antimicrobial resistance monitoring of Salmonella isolated from children and adults with diarrhea in St. Petersburg in 2014-2018. In 746 isolates of 42 serovars more than 90,0% belonged to three: S. enteritidis (79,6%), S. typhimurium (6,8%) and S. infantis (3,8%). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (according the EUCAST) to 7 classes of antimicrobials revealed the resistance in 78,6% of Salmonella. Low-level quinolone resistance (MIC of ciprofloxacin 0,12-0,5 mg/l) was detected in 63,3% isolates (S. enteritidis -71,0%, S. typhimurium - 15,7%, S. infantis - 89,3%) and was due to five kinds of single nucleotide substitutions in gyrA: Asp87Tyr - 36,1% of studied isolates (only S. infantis); Ser83Phe - 22,2% (only S. enteritidis); Asp87Asn - 19,4% (S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. hadar, S. newport); Ser83Tyr -11,1% (S. enteritidis and S. infantis) and Asp87Gly - 8,3% (only S. enteritidis). Only in one S. kentucky isolate with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance (MIC of ciprofloxacin > 8,0 mg/l) two substitutions (Ser83Phe and Asp87Asn) were detected. Two Salmonella isolates (S. typhimurium and S. corvallis) had plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnrS). Extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance was found in 6 Salmonella serovars (1,6%). The bla-genes were detected: of genetic group CTX-M1 - in 10 isolates (serovars S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. abony, S. coeln and S. virchow), CTX-M2 - in 2 S. typhimurium isolates, CTX-M9 - in three S. enteritidis isolates. In one S. typhimurium CTX-M1 and CTX-M2 were detected. The gene of CMY-2 (molecular class C cephalosporinase) was revealed in two isolates (S. newport and S. enteritidis). Our study showed that Salmonella (the main bacterial pathogen of acute diarrhea in children and adults) isolated in Saint-Petersburg had antimicrobial resistance to drugs of choice for salmonellosis treatment.

This article describes a lethal case of leptospirosis that occurred in Southern Russia. The Leptospira strain was isolated and characterized using a microscopic agglutination test, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, targeted PCR, and high-throughput sequencing. We show that molecular and mass-spectrometry methods can be an alternative to conventional methods of leptospirosis diagnostics and Leptospira study, which require highly qualified staff and can be performed only at specialized laboratories. We also report the first whole genome of L. interrogans isolated in Russia.

To evaluate the molecular-epidemiological structure and pharmacoresistant HIV variants in HIV-infected individuals in Ho Chi Minh City (Socialist Republic of Vietnam), nucleotide sequences of the polymerase gene fragment (pol) HIV were analyzed in 42 patients (4 people with newly diagnosed HIV infection and 38 with virologic failure of antiretroviral therapy).Results. In the examined group, HIV circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE (92,2%) prevailed compared to genotype B (5,3%), CRF08_BC was detected in one patient (2,6%). Among people with newly diagnosed HIV infection, 75% were genotype CRF01_AE and 25% were genotype B. The drug resistance mutations to any drugs in 76,2% of patients were detected. Among isolates with identified pharmacoresistance, 43.75% had single mutations. Mutations to IR were more common (84,8%) than mutations to PI (15,2%). The most common mutations were NNRTIs — 47,8%, followed by NRTIs (37%) and PI (15,2%). Isolates with pharmacoresistance only to NRTIs amounted to 9,4% (7,1% of the general group), only to NNRTIs 28,1% (21,4% of the general group), only to PI 12,5% (9,5% from the general group), simultaneously to PI and NRTI 6,25% (4,8% of the general group), to PI and NNRTI 3,1% (2,4% of the general group), to NRTI and NNRTI 37,5% (28,6% of the general group), isolates with drugs resistance mutations to all three groups simultaneously were not detected. The drug resistance mutations occurrence and the occurring number naturally polymorphic variants in patients with two / three ARV regimens were significantly higher than those in patients with one regimen, regardless of the treatment duration. A pharmacoresistance mutation was detected in an ART-naive patient. Based on the foregoing, it seems necessary to monitor the HIV drug resistance in Vietnam to both those receiving ART and those who are ART-naive. K

No abstract

Aim. Genotyping and molecular genetic characteristics of parvovirus B19, circulating in the NorthWest Federal District. Material and Methods. The material of the study is based on serum samples from 821 patients with maculopapular rash negative for antibodies IgM-measles and IgM-rubella were received at the St. Petersburg Regional Center for Measles and Rubella Surveillance in 2009-2017. In the present study we used genotyping by direct sequencing of the NS1/VP1 region of Parvovirus B19 genome. Results. DNA of the virus was detected in 59 (42.4%) of seropositive patients. To assess the heterogeneity of isolates, 14 samples were selected from patients from geographically remote regions of the NWFO, of different ages, regardless of gender, with a high viral load (106-107 copies/ml). Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates showed that only the genotype 1A was detected in all isolates. The nucleotide sequences can be divided into two subgroups: 13 isolates (92.8%) belong to the subgroup 1A2, one isolate to the subgroup 1A1. Conclusion. The introduction of B19 screening from patients with fever / rash can provide meaningful information on the prevalence of parvovirus infection in the Russian Federation. Identifying new mutations of the virus and further analysis of their possible relationships with the course of the mutation disease can help in the development of medicines, as well as in the development of an effective vaccine against the parvovirus B19.