The body-as-object versus the body-as-process: Gender differences and gender considerations

Differences in functional and aesthetic body image between sedentary girls and girls involved in sports and physical activity: Does sport type make a difference?

“…A sense of physical competence has been associated with positive feelings towards the body (Greenleaf, Boyer & Petrie, 2009) and a focus on body function has also been associated with greater body appreciation and intuitive eating (Avalos & Tylka, 2006). In addition, research distinguishing between the aesthetic body and the functional body has found that the functional body is evaluated more positively than the aesthetic body (Author citation deleted; Franzoi, 1995). Females, in particular, tend to evaluate the aesthetic qualities of their bodies more negatively than the functional qualities, and express a greater desire to change these aesthetic aspects of their bodies than do males (Franzoi, 1995;Gusella, Clark & van Roosmalen, 2004).…”

“…In addition, research distinguishing between the aesthetic body and the functional body has found that the functional body is evaluated more positively than the aesthetic body (Author citation deleted; Franzoi, 1995). Females, in particular, tend to evaluate the aesthetic qualities of their bodies more negatively than the functional qualities, and express a greater desire to change these aesthetic aspects of their bodies than do males (Franzoi, 1995;Gusella, Clark & van Roosmalen, 2004). However, when the body is viewed through a functional lens, girls M A N U S C R I P T…”

Psychological characteristics versus swallowing and speech rehabilitation efficiency in patients after oral cavity cancer excision

“…Wypełniając KOC-1, osoba badana wskazuje na stopień satysfakcji z poszczególnych elementów swojego ciała (od 1 -bardzo niezadowolony do 5 -bardzo zadowolony), natomiast wypeł-niając arkusz KOC-2, badany ujawnia poziom subiektywnego znaczenia przypisywanego tymże elementom własnej cielesności (od 1 -w ogóle nieważny do 5 -bardzo ważny). Ponadto test umożliwia analizę obrazu ciała w oparciu o koncepcję S. Franzoi, zgodnie z którą ciało można ujmować z 2 punktów widzenia: 1) wyglądu fizycznego, czyli tego, jak prezentuje się innym (KOC_Części), albo też 2) sposobu funkcjonowania, czyli tego, jak działa (KOC_Funkcje) [19]. Na podstawie wyników innego badania do skali KOC_Części przypisano następujące elementy obrazu ciała: uszy, tył głowy, tułów, talia, szyja, szerokość barków, stopy, ramiona, pośladki, plecy, piersi, palce dłoni, nogi, narządy płciowe, nadgarstki, kształt głowy, kostki, kolana, klatka piersiowa, dłonie, biodra.…”

“…In the BCS-2 test sheet, the patient shows the level of subjective meaning of these bodily features (from 1 -unimportant, to 5 -very important). Furthermore, the test enables body image analysis on the basis of S. Franzoi's concept, according to which the body may be viewed from two points: 1) physical appearance -how it is presented to others (BCS_Parts), or 2) way of functioning -how the body is functioning (BCS_Func-tions) [19]. On the basis of other research results, the following elements of body image were prescribed to the BCS_Parts: ears, back of the head, thorax, waist, neck, width of the shoulders, feet, arms, buttocks, back, breasts, fingers, legs, genital organs, wrists, shape of the head, ankles, knees, chest, hands, hips.…”

Estereótipos de gênero aplicados a mulheres atletas

“…Em seus estudos Franzoi (1995) e Franzoi, Kessenich e Surgrue (1989) revelam que a masculinidade apresenta correlação positivamente com a auto-estima, o mesmo não ocorrendo com a feminilidade. Os autores demonstram que mulheres femininas apresentam maior difi culdade em liberar-se dos padrões culturais defi nidos para a feminilidade, padrões estes que defi nem o corpo feminino como um "ornamento de beleza" (Franzoi, 1995, p. 421).…”