“The behavior of some terpolymers as lubricating oil additives”

El-shazly, Reham I.; Kamal, Rasha S.; Nassar, Amal M.; Ahmed, Nehal S.; Sayed, G. H.

doi:10.1007/s13203-020-00250-y

Cited by 12 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Pour point depressants work by adsorption on the surface of wax crystals. The resulting surface layer of the pour point depressants prevents the development of wax crystals and their ability to absorb oil and form gels. − Photomicrographic analysis affirms other standard flow experiments, which assess the pour point depressants of treated/untreated lubricating oil through the crystallization behavior of wax . It is known that the morphology (shape) of wax crystals is an essential aspect in studying the reaction mechanism of the pour point depressants for lubricating oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements provide valuable information that can be used to select materials for a specific end-use application, predict product performance, and improve product quality. This technique is mainly used to estimate the thermal stability and to estimate the lifetime of the product . Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of high-density polyethylene-modified lube oil (PMO1) and nanoclay high-density polyethylene-modified lube oil (PMON7) is shown in Figure a,b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is mainly used to estimate the thermal stability and to estimate the lifetime of the product. 28 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of high-density polyethylene-modified lube oil (PMO1) and nanoclay high-density polyethylene-modified lube oil (PMON7) is shown in Figure 4a 5a shows several endothermic peaks starting from 75 to 500 °C, which relate to the melting and degradation temperatures of the HDPE waste mixture sample. The DSC curve in Figure 5b shows two endothermic peaks at 125 and 500 °C, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HDPE and nanoclay HDPE samples were evaluated as pour point depressants for lube oil (SAE-30) at various doses (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% by weight) according to ASTM D97-87 using Cold Filter Plugging and Pour Point Automatic Tester (CFPPA-T), Model 1 SL CPP 97-2. , The effect of additive concentration on pour point was studied by using various doses of the HDPE and nanoclay HDPE samples. Furthermore, we perform a comparative study between the prepared samples, commercial oil, synthetic oil, and bio-lubricants.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All mineral-derived stocks used in lubricants contain waxy carbohydrates, which, when the temperature drops, are released from the solution. They can produce a 3D wax crystal network that can completely immobilize the oil. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Density Polyethylene Waste (HDPE)-Waste-Modified Lube Oil Nanocomposites as Pour Point Depressants

et al. 2021

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Sustainability metrics have been established that cover the economic, social, and environmental aspects of human activities. Reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) strategy targets solid waste management in the waste generation sectors. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of using various plastic wastes containing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and high-density polyethylene nanoclay (PMON) as polymer additives to modify lubricating oil. The structure of these additives was elucidated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and the particle size of PMON was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The thermal stability of HDPE and nanoclay HDPE (PMON) was studied, which showed higher thermal stability, and these additives completed degradation above 500 °C. The performance of HDPE and nanoclay HDPE (PMON) in lubricating oil was evaluated as pour point depressants by standard ASTM methods. The results showed that the efficiency of these additives increases with the decrease in the dose of these additives and lubricating oil treated with HDPE at 0.25% dosage lowers PPT to −30 °C, while lubricating oil treated with nanoclay HDPE (PMON7) at 0.25% dosage reduces PPT to −36 °C. Photomicrographic analysis was conducted to study accumulations and modifications in the wax crystal morphology in lube oil without and with HDPE and nanoclay HDPE (PMON7). Photomicrographs revealed that wax morphology changes due to effective pour point depressants on crystal growth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Density Polyethylene Waste (HDPE)-Waste-Modified Lube Oil Nanocomposites as Pour Point Depressants

et al. 2021

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Synthesis and characterization of synthetic lubricants based on dibasic acid

et al. 2023

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Synthetic esters have long been used in a variety of applications due to their excellent thermal stability, excellent cleanliness, natural lubricity, and polarity. In the present work, we aimed to prepare some synthetic base oils through preparation of different dibasic esters by esterification of dicarboxylic acids (adipic acid and azelaic acid) with different linear alcohols (hexanol, octanol, and decanol) and branched alcohol (2‐ethyl hexanol) at 120°C. The reaction yield ranges between 85% and 94%. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the structures of the produced compounds. Using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), the heat stability of the produced esters was determined, and it was found that the prepared esters have high thermal stability. The degradation of the prepared esters takes place in the range between 300 and 600°C. The rheological behaviour of prepared esters shows Newtonian behaviours, which means that Newtonian fluids obey viscosity Newton's law. The viscosity is independent of the shear rate. The results showed that the lubricity properties, based on their pour point, flash point, and oxidation stability of the esters, were significantly affected by the linear and branched alcohols used. There is a slight increase in kinematic viscosity and viscosity index values with decreasing the internal chain length of the dibasic acid. The esters which were based on adipic acid such as C1 exhibited maximum values of VI: 187 compared to those which were based on azelaic acid such as F1 with VI: 182. Viscosity and viscosity index increases with increasing the number of carbon atoms of the used mono‐ol alcohols. Using branched alcohols gave almost the same viscosity results compared to using linear alcohol with the same number of carbons. Almost all prepared esters give pour point results ≤ −30°C.

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Copolymers of Caprylic Acid Allyl Ester with Butyl Methacrylate and Styrene as a Viscosity Additive for Lubricanting Oils

Hamidova,

Kazimzadeh,

Hasanova

et al. 2023

Chemistry Africa

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The paper is focused on synthesis the double copolymers of allyl ester of caprylic acid with butyl methacrylate, styrene and ternary copolymer with butyl methacrylate and styrene as viscosity additives in lubricanting oils. MethodsThe structure of synthesized compounds was proved by studying their physicochemical properties by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the copolymers were determined on a high-performance liquid chromatography. Thermal analysis of the synthesized copolymers was carried out using a simultaneous thermal analysis unit. The viscosity index and kinematic viscosity of the oil with the test copolymers were determined according to the appropriate ASTM methods. ResultsIt has been established that the synthesized copolymers, having high viscosity-temperature, depressant properties, are effective viscosity additives that improve the thermal stability of mineral oils. ConclusionConditions for the copolymerization of binary and ternary copolymers by the radical mechanism in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator have been developed. By adjusting the proportion of monomers, it has been shown that the synthesized copolymers can be dissolved in both mineral and complex essential oils.

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“The behavior of some terpolymers as lubricating oil additives”

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

High-Density Polyethylene Waste (HDPE)-Waste-Modified Lube Oil Nanocomposites as Pour Point Depressants

High-Density Polyethylene Waste (HDPE)-Waste-Modified Lube Oil Nanocomposites as Pour Point Depressants

Synthesis and characterization of synthetic lubricants based on dibasic acid

Copolymers of Caprylic Acid Allyl Ester with Butyl Methacrylate and Styrene as a Viscosity Additive for Lubricanting Oils

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