Sustainability metrics
have been established that cover the economic,
social, and environmental aspects of human activities. Reduce, reuse,
and recycle (3R) strategy targets solid waste management in the waste
generation sectors. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility
of using various plastic wastes containing high-density polyethylene
(HDPE) and high-density polyethylene nanoclay (PMON) as polymer additives
to modify lubricating oil. The structure of these additives was elucidated
by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and the particle size
of PMON was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The thermal
stability of HDPE and nanoclay HDPE (PMON) was studied, which showed
higher thermal stability, and these additives completed degradation
above 500 °C. The performance of HDPE and nanoclay HDPE (PMON)
in lubricating oil was evaluated as pour point depressants by standard
ASTM methods. The results showed that the efficiency of these additives
increases with the decrease in the dose of these additives and lubricating
oil treated with HDPE at 0.25% dosage lowers PPT to −30 °C,
while lubricating oil treated with nanoclay HDPE (PMON7) at 0.25%
dosage reduces PPT to −36 °C. Photomicrographic analysis
was conducted to study accumulations and modifications in the wax
crystal morphology in lube oil without and with HDPE and nanoclay
HDPE (PMON7). Photomicrographs revealed that wax morphology changes
due to effective pour point depressants on crystal growth.
In this work, we prepared different alkyl acrylates by esterifying acrylic acid with different alcohols (decanol, dodecanol, hexadecanol and octadecanol). Anilimide was then produced by the reaction of aniline with maleic anhydride. Different teropolymers were prepared by polymerization reaction of anilimide, different alkyl acrylate esters and olefins in different ratios. The thermal stability of the prepared terpolymers was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis which demonstrated a high thermal stability. The polymers were degraded above 500 °C. The rheology behavior shows shear-thinning, it approaches the ideal Newtonian behavior in case of polymer (C). The prepared terpolymers succeeded in raising the viscosity index of oil to 118 in case of polymer (C) and decreasing the pour point of oil to -12 in case of polymer (E).
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