The association of parent’s outcome expectations for child TV viewing with parenting practices and child TV viewing: an examination using path analysis

Abstract

BackgroundTelevision (TV) viewing has been associated with many undesirable outcomes for children, such as increased risk of obesity, but TV viewing can also have benefits. Although restrictive parenting practices are effective in reducing children’s TV viewing, not all parents use them and it is currently unclear why. The current study examined parenting practices related to TV viewing in the context of social- cognitive theory. Specifically, we hypothesized that positive and negative Parental Outcome Expectations for child’s TV Viewing (POETV) would be associated with social co-viewing and restrictive parenting practices, and that POETV and parenting practices influence the amount of TV viewed by child.MethodData were collected from an internet survey of 287 multi-ethnic parents and their 6–12 year old children on participants’ sociodemographic information, parenting practices related to TV use, POETV, and parent and child TV viewing. Path analysis was used to examine the relationship amongst variables in separate models for weekday and weekend TV viewing. controlling for child age, household education, and parental TV viewing.ResultsThe results provided partial support for the hypotheses, with notable differences between weekday and weekend viewing. The models explained 13.6 % and 23.4 % of the variance in children’s TV viewing on weekdays and weekends respectively. Neither positive nor negative POETV were associated with restrictive TV parenting in either model. One subscale each from positive and negative POETV were associated with social co-viewing parenting on both weekends and weekdays in the expected direction. Restrictive parenting practices were directly negatively associated with children’s TV viewing on weekdays, but not weekends. Social co-viewing parenting was directly positively associated with children’s TV viewing on weekends, but not weekdays. The strongest influence on children’s TV viewing was having a TV in the child’s bedroom. Negative POETV was weakly associated with having a TV in the child’s room.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that POETV and parenting may have a greater impact on weekend TV viewing, when children tend to watch more TV, than weekday. The models suggest that POETV, parenting and especially removing the TV from children’s rooms may be promising targets for interventions.

YouTube viewers in diapers: An exploration of factors associated with amount of toddlers’ online viewing

“…These patterns confirm the findings of previous studies on children's general screen viewing (e.g., Johnson et al, 2015;Vaala et al, 2013;Valkenburg et al, 1999;Warren, 2003), indicating that parents tend to employ similar mediation efforts towards online viewing as they apply to television. Parents thus overlook significant differences between the two in terms of access and content variety alike.…”

“…For example, the number of TV sets at home correlates positively with children's screen time (Johnson, Chen, Hughes, & O'Connor, 2015;Vaala, Bleakley, & Jordan, 2013), as does mother's employment (Vaala & Hornik, 2014). Parents' education associates negatively with children's screen time, as children with less educated parents watch more screen media (Anand & Krosnick, 2005).…”

The Effect of Watching Television of Children on Behavioural Problems

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“…5 Televizyon izlemenin, çocuklarda istenmeyen sonuç-ları da bulunmaktadır. 6 Yapılan çalışmalarda televizyon izleme süresi arttıkça çocukluk çağında obezite riski artmakta, ödev süresi ve yaratıcı oyun zamanı azalmakta, çocuklar daha geç yatmakta, daha kısa süre uyumakta ve uykuya başlama süreci gecikmektedir. Televizyon; çocuğun bilişsel, dil ve motor gelişmesinde gecikmeye de neden olmaktadır.…”

“…Televizyon; çocuğun bilişsel, dil ve motor gelişmesinde gecikmeye de neden olmaktadır. [6][7][8][9][10] Genç yaşta çok fazla televizyon izleme, davranış sorunları gelişimi açısından potansiyel bir risk faktörüdür. 11 Çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde aşırı televizyon izleme, erken erişkinlik döneminde antisosyal davranış ve davranış sorunlarına neden olabilmektedir.…”