The Antibacterial Activity of Fractions of Ethyl Acetate Garcinia Latissima Miq. Stem Bark Extracts Against Bacillus Subtilis and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Abstract

Objective: This research focuses on the antibacterial activities of fractions of ethyl acetate Garcinia latissima Miq. extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods:For each bacteria, the values of the inhibitory zone diameter were determined using paper discs method, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution and antibacterial assay was determined by bioautography. Fractionation was carried out using gradient elution with silica gel column as stationary phase successively increasing the separation according to the polarity (using combination of eluents; n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Results:To determine the diameter of the inhibitory zone for each fraction, the fractions were diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide until the concentration of each fraction was 20,000 ppm. The results showed that fraction B had no inhibitory zone against B. subtilis. The inhibitory zone diameters of fractions A, C, D, E, F, and G against B. subtilis were 7.600±0.000, 6.767±0.202, 7.950±0.477, 7.883±0.901, and 9.233±0.231 mm, respectively. Only Fraction G had an inhibition zone diameter of 7.200±0.173 mm against P. aeruginosa. The active fractions were tested by contact bioautography using silica gel (60 GF254) plate and hexane:chloroform (2:3) as mobile phase for Fractions A, C, D, E, and F and chloroform:ethyl acetate (4:1) as mobile phase for Fraction G. The thin layer chromatography plates were observed under the ultraviolet light at wavelengths of 254 and 366 nm, while the others plate (using in contact bioautography) placing on agar medium that had been inoculated with the bacteria, so the compounds could be diffuse to the medium. The active compound will appeared inhibitory zones in agar medium. The determination of the MIC values using microdilution with methylthiazol tetrazolium salt showed that fractions of the ethyl acetate extracts of G. latissima Miq. stem bark inhibited the growth of B. subtilis more actively than P. aeruginosa. The highest activity of the fractions against B. subtilis was shown by fraction G, which had a MIC value of 78.125 ppm, followed by fractions F (156.25 ppm), E (312.5 ppm), D (625 ppm), C (1250 ppm), B (2500 ppm), and A (5000 ppm). The highest activity of the fractions against P. aeruginosa was Fraction G (5000 ppm), while the MIC values of other fractions were >5000 ppm. Conclusion:Further investigations should be conducted to obtain the new antibacterial compounds in fractions of ethyl acetate extract of G. latissima Miq. stem bark that effective to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa.

Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Caesalpinia Tortuosa Roxb

“…Based on previous studies, numerous phytochemical compounds, such as polyphenols [5], flavonoids [6], flavanones [7], flavonols, quercetin [8], and quercitrin [9,10], have shown to exhibit arginase inhibitory activity. Moreover, phytochemical studies on Caesalpinia ferrea stem barks have revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin, steroids, and phenolic compounds and gallic acid, catechins, epicatechins, and ellagic acid [11,12]. A study performed on ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from C. sappan L. lignum showed an arginase inhibition with IC50 of 98.7 and 132.02 µg/mL, respectively [8].…”

Antibacterial Activity Against Bacillus Subtilis and Antioxidant Properties of Methanol Extracts From Garcinia Latissima Miq. Leaves

“…The relationship between antibacterial activity and contents of active compounds in plant extracts or fractions of G. latissima have been investigated in multiple previous studies [1,[17][18][19][20][21]. Moreover, phytochemical tests of methanol extracts of G. latissima leaves showed the presence of tannin and saponin, which are known phytochemicals with health benefits and biological activities [4].…”

Isolation, Identification, and Antibacterial of Amentoflavone From Garcinia Latissima Miq. Leaves

“…Isolation of the most active fraction was carried out to extract and separate the active compound as anti-bacterial B. subtilis [7]. Isolated compounds obtained from plants are said to have great potential as antibacterial if they have a MIC value of less than 100 µg/ml [8].…”