Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Caesalpinia Tortuosa Roxb

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the arginase inhibitory activity of Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. stem bark extracts.Methods: C. tortuosa Roxb. stem bark extracts were obtained through reflux extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol and their inhibitory activity against arginase was measured using a microplate reader at 430 nm. Active extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis and based on the qualitative phytochemical analysis, quantitative data regarding flavonoid and phenolic contents were obtained. The total flavonoid content of active extracts was determined using AlCl 3 colorimetric method, and the phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results:Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. tortuosa Roxb. inhibited activity of arginase with IC 50 values of 33.81 and 11.58 μg/mL, respectively, nor-NOHA acetate as standard drug inhibited arginase with IC 50 values of I3.77 μg/mL. Both active extracts contained saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed a total flavonoid content of 7.41 mgQE/g and 5.05 mgQE/g and total phenolic content of 27.55 mgGE/g and 17.16 mgGE/g, respectively. Methanol extracts had a higher inhibitory activity than ethyl acetate extracts despite having flavonoid and phenolic content, thereby suggesting no correlation between arginase inhibitory activity and flavonoid or phenolic content. Conclusion:Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of C. tortuosa Roxb. stem barks containing flavonoids, tannins, and saponins displayed arginase inhibitory activity, and no correlation was observed between arginase inhibitory activity and flavonoid and phenolic content.Substrate optimization was performed using concentrations of 130, 570, 650, and 820 mM as suggested by the protocol. Substrate concentrations were tested using 1 U/mL of arginase enzyme. The procedure was performed in triplicate using 10 µL of bidistillation water, 15 µl of enzyme solution, and 20 µl of substrate solution followed by incubation for 30 min at 37°C. After incubation, 100 µl of urea was directly added, followed by incubation at room temperature (25°C).

The chemical constituents of Sterculia comosa (wall) Roxb woods for arginase inhibitory, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking against SARS CoV-2 protein

“…This extract also have a high of total phenols and total flavonoids and this result as the same as our previous study. In the recent study the stem bark of Caesalpinia turtuosa has the arginase activity with the IC 50 11.58 μg/ml for methanol extract and 33.81 μg/ml for ethyl acetate extract; this result was the same as our study (Najid et al, 2018). a methanol extract of Sterculia comosa wood has the arginase inhibitory activity with IC 50 value of 2,787 μg/ml and high phenol content of 723.61 mgGAE/g.…”

“…In the recent study the stem bark of Caesalpinia turtuosa has the arginase activity with the IC 50 11.58 μg/ml for methanol extract and 33.81 μg/ml for ethyl acetate extract; this result was the same as our study. ( Najid et al 2018 ) a methanol extract of Sterculia comosa wood has the arginase inhibitory activity with IC 50 value of 2,787 μg/ml and high phenol content of 723.61 mgGAE /g. It is possible for the phenol compounds contained in this extract to contribute to inhibiting arginase activity.…”

“…the inhibitory effect on arginase enzymes such as methanol extract from Scutellaria indica and piceatannol-3 0 -β-D-glucopyranoside compounds from rhubarb extract (Kim et al, 2013). Several studies on the inhibition of arginase activity in some plants have resulted that (Najid et al, 2018;Minozzo et al, 2018;Girard-Thernier and Demougeot, 2016;Lim et al, 2012;Correa et al, 2013;Bordage et al, 2013). Some Sterculia plants also provide good arginase enzyme inhibitory activity such as Sterculia macrophylla Vent (Rini et al, 2018).…”

“…Several studies on the inhibition of arginase activity in some plants have resulted that (A. Najid et al, 2018 )(B. R. Minozzo et al, 2018 ), (C. Girard-thernier et al, 2016) (C. J. Lim et al, 2012) (L. Correa et al, 2013 ) (S. Bordage et al, 2013). Administration of antioxidants (vitamin C) shows reduce oxidative stress, which causes acute inflammation and lung injury.…”

Gastroprotective Effect of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Pepolo (Bischofia javanica Blume) Against Aspirin-Induced in Wistar Rat

“…This method was chosen because the sample used is the bark of the pepolo, which has a hard texture and is resistant to heat. 14 The resulting stem bark extract of pepolo was tested through phytochemical screening to identify its compounds. The results showed that pepolo stem bark extract contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins.…”