Background: Phenol compounds and flavonoids are known have antioxidant activity. Sterculia genus has secondary metabolite rich of phenols and flavonoids. Objective: The aim of this study of the activity antioxidants of Sterculia stipulata Korth. Woods and leaves by FRAP method. Materials and methods: Extraction done using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The methanol extract was determined antioxidant activity using the FRAP method and also determined the total phenols content, total flavonoids, and phytochemical screening. Results: The antioxidant activity of wood extract was 4.74 ± 1.03 FeEAC (mol/g) while leaves extract 41.17 ± 1.99 FeEAC (mol/g). Total phenols content for wood extract 16.46 ± 3.51 mg GAE/g, for leaves extract 141.62 ± 10.54 mg GAE/g. The total flavonoids content for woods extract was 27.99 ± 0.62 mg QE/g for leaf extract 41.45 ± 5.83 mg QE/g. The compounds of woods and leaves are the same; it is consist of terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and negatives for anthraquinone. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of the leaves of Sterculia stipulata Korth. is greater than its wood activities.
AbstrakBawang putih (Allium sativum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi obat tradisional. Produk obat tradisional dan tanaman obat yang berkualitas ditentukan salah satunya oleh mutu dan keamanan ekstrak. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi mutu salah satunya adalah daerah tempat tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan beberapa nilai parameter fisikokimia serta kadar senyawa yang bertanggung jawab atas aktivitas farmakologis dalam ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih yang didapat dari dua tempat tumbuh yaitu Bogor dan Wonosobo. Ekstrak bawang putih yang berasal dari Bogor menunjukkan hasil kadar sari larut air 62,5684%, kadar sari larut etanol 10,0779%, minyak atsiri 0,7477%, kadar allyl disulfide 1,8322%, kadar abu 2,3529%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,1115%. Ekstrak bawang putih yang berasal dari Wonosobo menunjukkan hasil kadar sari larut air 59,0007%, kadar sari larut etanol 8,9230%, minyak atsiri 0,3400%, kadar allyl disulfide 1,6542%, kadar abu 3,0196%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,4974%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, disimpulkan ekstrak yang mempunyai mutu paling baik adalah bawang putih yang berasal dari Bogor dengan nilai parameter spesifik yang lebih tinggi dan nilai parameter non spesifik yang lebih rendah. AbstractGarlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the medicinal plants that has a potential to be developed to become a traditional medicine. Traditional medicinal products and medicinal plants which have good quality are determined by the quality and safety of the extract. One of many factors that can affect the quality is the growing area. This research aimed to compare the value of physicochemical parameters as well as the levels of compounds responsible for pharmacological activity in ethanol 70% extract of garlic obtained from two growing areas, Bogor and Wonosobo. The test results obtained from garlic extract of Bogor were: compound contents dissolved in water was 62.5684%, compound contents dissolved in ethanol was 10.0779%, essential oils contents was 0.7477%, levels of allyl disulfide was 1.8322%, total ash content was 2.3529%, ash content insoluble in acid was 0.1115%. While the test results obtained from garlic extract of Wonosobo: compound contents dissolved in water was 59.0007%, compound contents dissolved in ethanol was 8.9230%, essential oils contents was 0.3400%, levels of allyl disulfide was 1.6542%, total ash content was 3.0196%, ash content insoluble in acid was 0.4974%. Based on those results, the best quality extract was garlic from Bogor with higher specific parameter values and lower non-specific parameter values.
The RFS extract solution and pancreatic elastase (PPE) were mixed in Trizma®-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), then pre-incubated at 25 o C for 5 min. Substrate N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide (SANA) was added to the mixture and incubated at 25 o C for 20 min in 96-well microplate (Nunc). The optical density due to the formation of p-nitroaniline was ABSTRACT Introduction: Some Rubus were reported had anti-skin aging activity. Rubus fraxinifolius was one of Rubus genus which lives in Indonesian highland. Objective: This study was to examine elastase, tyrosinase, and oxidant inhibitory activity of R. fraxinifolius stem (RFS) extract. Methods: Extraction was done by a Soxhlet apparatus using methanol as solvent. Elastase inhibition activity was determined, which based on the formation of p-nitroaniline. Tyrosinase inhibition activity evaluated based on inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by the sample with L-DOPA as substrate. The activity of antioxidant was determined using the DPPH radical scavenger method. LC-MS was used for prediction of naturally occurring phytochemicals. Results: The RFS extract yield was 9.03 %. The RFS extract revealed inhibition activity against elastase and tyrosinase with IC 50 128.85 ppm, and 155.19 ppm, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity gave IC 50 63.04 ppm. Total phenolic content of the extract was 387.99+3.21 mg GAE/g extract. The LC-MS analysis showed the presence of at least 13 different organic compounds in RFS extract, which might contribute to the bioactivity. Conclusion: Therefore, this experiment further proved that RFS extract might be useful as a natural product ingredient of anti-photoaging skincare products because of its ability to inhibit elastase, tyrosinase, and as an antioxidant.
Tirosinase merupakan enzim yang secara luas terdistribusi dalam mikroorganisme, tumbuhan danbinatang. Tirosinase adalah enzim utama yang terlibat dalam biosintesis melanin. Melanin mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam perlindungan kulit terutama terhadap paparan sinar ultraviolet yang berbahaya bagi kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji inhibitor tirosinase pada masker peel-off ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia). Ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis diformulasikan menjadi masker peel-off dengan kandungan ekstrak masing-masing 0% (F1), 15% (F2) dan 25% (F3) dan dengan gelling agent PVA ( Polivinil alkohol). Uji kestabilan fi sik dilakukan dengan pengukuran pH diperoleh hasil F2 pH 6,85 dan F3 pH 6,78. Analisis aktivitas inhibitor tirosinase dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan dilihat dari nilai persen inhibisi yang didapatkan. Hasil persen inhibisi yang diperoleh dari masker peel-off ekstrak jeruk nipis yaitu 17,89 % (F2) dan 18,86 % (F3). Kulit jeruk nipis berpotensi sebagai inhibisi tirosinase.
Original Article INTRODUCTIONIndonesia Nation is rich in flora diversity. Many native plants of Indonesia that still need development for treatment, one of them from the genus Sterculia. The genus was present in tropical and sub-tropical regions, with a number of species 1100. The tree or shrub with simple leaves with flat or toothed edges, unisexual flowers, with 5 petals, some of which have an unpleasant odor as an example of Sterculia foetida in Indonesia is known by the name of Kepuh. There is no report about pharmacognosy and phytochemical study with this plant.Objective: The main aim of this research is to establish pharmacognosy, phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll.ex. Miq. Leaves. The plant used to cure many diseases of Indonesia. Methods: In the present study, pharmacognosy and phytochemical study of plant material were performed as per the Indonesian Herb Pharmacopoeia. Results: Microscopy powder of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll.ex. Miq. Leaves shows star shape trichoma as a specific fragment. Physicochemical parameters including total ash (17.152 %), acid-insoluble ash (0.922 %), water-soluble extractive (1.610 % w/w), alcohol-soluble extractive (4.524 % w/w), hexane-soluble extractive (4.005 % w/w), and ethyl acetate-soluble extractive (3.160 % w/w) were evaluated. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids-terpenoids, glycosides, and phenols. And absent of saponins and Anthraquinones. Antioxidant activity with IC 50 157, 4665 ppm and flavonoid total was 59.436 mg/g quercetin equivalent. Conclusion: The pharmacognosy, physiochemical, and phytochemical evaluation provides information for the safety, identification, and class of chemical constituent's presents in this crude extract.
Background: Sterculia has an antioxidant activity. The Sterculia genus has phenols and flavonoids content, and this chemical content may be have an nephroprotective activity. Objective: The study was to investigate the in vitro study of antioxidant activity with DPPH and FRAP study and nephroprotective activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves extract. Materials and Methods: The leaves was extracted using ethanol. This extract was determined for antioxidant activity by in vitro study with DPPH and FRAP methods, determined the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, and also identification of chemical content. Nephrotoxicity study done by induced gentamycin. The groups divided 6 group, consist: negative control, positive control, normal control, and the extract with dose 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/ kg. The parameter for nephroprotective activity was tubular necrosis, the presence of tubules casts and glomerular damage, creatinine serum, and urea. Results: The ethanol extract has IC 50 162.34 µg/ml for DPPH scavenging activity and 18.65 ± 3.53 FeEAC (Mol/g) for FRAP. The secondary metabolite presence flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, alkaloids, and glycosides. The total phenols 462.36 ± 9.23 mg GAE/gr, total flavonoids content 59.44 ± 0.11 mg QE/gr extract. All the dose have an nephroprotective activity, but the best dose was 50 mg/kg. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Sterculia rubiginosa showed antioxidant activity and nephroprotective activity.
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