The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease

Gleeson, Michael; Bishop, Nicolette C.; Stensel, David J.; Lindley, Martin R.; Mastana, Sarabjit S.; Nimmo, Myra A.

doi:10.1038/nri3041

Cited by 1,759 publications

(1,710 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…However, no intervention effects on CRP were observed at 52 weeks, although the intervention effects on body fatness persisted at 52 weeks (Larsen et al, 2015). Studies suggest that regular exercise may improve low-grade inflammation by reducing body fat mass and local inflammation in fat tissue (Gleeson et al, 2011;You et al, 2013). However, in this study, the reduction in CRP at 6 weeks was not mediated by the changes in total body fat mass or regional fat mass.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…One explanation for the disproportional changes in fat mass and CRP may be that exercise exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by other mechanisms. Evidence has suggested some potential mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise, including effects on muscle tissue to produce anti-inflammatory myokines, effects on endothelial cell to reduce leukocyte adhesion, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (Gleeson et al, 2011;You et al, 2013). Nonetheless, the visceral fat mass was not quantified in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Effects of a multi-component camp-based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children: A randomized controlled trial

Huang

Larsen

Møller

et al. 2015

Preventive Medicine

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This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Huang, T., Larsen, K. T., Møller, N. C., Ried-Larsen, M., Frandsen, U., Andersen, L. B. (2015 Methods:One hundred and fifteen children were recruited in Odense, Denmark (2011Denmark ( -2014. The participants were randomly allocated to either the day camp intervention arm (DCIA) or the standard intervention arm (SIA). The intervention for the DCIA comprised a 6-week camp intervention and a 46-week family-based intervention. The SIA was offered one weekly physical activity session for 6 weeks and one educational meeting. C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), leptin, and adiponectin were measured in serum at baseline, 6 weeks and 52 weeks.Results: Compared with the SIA, the reductions in CRP (P=0.003) and leptin (p<0.001) were larger in the DCIA at 6 weeks. The intervention effects on leptin were significantly mediated by the changes in body fat mass. No intervention effects on CRP and leptin were seen at 52 weeks. No between-group differences in changes in MCP1 and adiponectin were observed at 6 weeks or 52 weeks. Conclusions:The 6-week camp intervention resulted in reductions in CRP and leptin. The intervention effects did not persist to 52 weeks. The intervention effect on leptin was explained by the changes in body fat mass.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of a multi-component camp-based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children: A randomized controlled trial

Huang

Larsen

Møller

et al. 2015

Preventive Medicine

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“…This may be associated with greater IL-6 levels at baseline, as well as with reduced CRP levels after combined training. Considering that IL-6 has been described as being a cytokine with both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties 44 , the reduction in IL-6 and CRP levels may indicate a decrease in the inflammatory process in the NoncarrierT group. Exercise may have both a direct antiinflammatory effect, through an increase in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 by the skeletal muscle, and an indirect anti-inflammatory effect, through the reduction of adipose tissue, which results in a lower release of cytokines 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADRB2 Gln27Glu polymorphism influenced changes in leptin but not body composition or metabolic and other inflammatory parameters after twelve weeks of combined training in overweight adolescents

Leite

Silva

Jesus

et al. 2018

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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-Aim:To compare the anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters of overweight adolescents after 12-weeks of resistance and aerobic training (CT), taking into account the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene. Methods: Forty-seven adolescents (15.05±1.07y) were assigned to one of four groups, according to the presence or absence of the Glu27 allele: CT (CarrierT n=11; NoncarrierT n=11) or control (CarrierC n=13; NoncarrierC n=12). Body composition, abdominal fat, maturation, fitness, metabolic and lipid profile, inflammatory markers were assessed. The CT consisted of six resistance exercises, followed by 30 min of walking/ running at 50-80% VO 2max , totaling 60 min/session, three times a week. A mixed-model factorial ANOVA was used to compare variables at baseline and after 12-weeks. Results: TC was effective in reducing total fat mass (NoncarrierT ES=.45, CarrierT ES=.27) and subcutaneous abdominal fat (NoncarrierT ES=.48, CarrierT ES=.46) and increasing lean mass (NoncarrierT ES=.58, CarrierT ES=.60) and fitness. CarrierT group showed a reduction in leptin (ES=.49). Conclusion:The responses of body composition and physical fitness to TC were not influenced by the presence of the Gln27Glu polymorphism. However, only the Glu27 allele carriers showed reductions in leptin after 12-weeks. Besides, a lack of intervention caused obesogenic effects, especially in Glu27carriers.

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“…30 The increase in inflammation provokes increased synthesis of cells, cytokines and proinflammatory proteins, such as neutrophils, monocytes, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP, among others. 31 The increase in neutrophils and macrophages in response to microorganisms, but can also be stimulated by other cytokines, primarily interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF-α. 33 Since IL-6 is involved in a series of immunological activities, in particular synthesis of acute phase substances in the liver, it is an important inflammatory marker, because it is involved in metabolic regulation of CRP.…”

Section: Function and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction in vasodilation causes an increase in shear stress and, consequently, greater damage to the blood vessel, creating favorable conditions for the atherosclerotic process and thrombi formation. Additionally, the blood vessel that is undergoing the atherosclerotic process also releases the same proinflammatory substances, further increasing the inflammatory process and vascular damage [30][31][32] (Figure 1). …”

Section: Function and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory markers, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk

et al. 2014

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The need to study cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has become more and more relevant as their prevalence has increased over the years. An intact endothelial wall is essential to vascular health. Certain factors are responsible for maintaining this tissue intact, including nitric oxide (NO), which provokes dilation of blood vessels in response to shear stress. Expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme, which produces nitric oxide in response to increases in blood flow, is of fundamental importance to maintenance of the vascular system. When this enzyme is inhibited, nitric oxide production is reduced, causing endothelial dysfunction. Since C-reactive protein inhibits production of nitric oxide by the eNOS enzyme, it is one of the causes of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular events. The objective of the present study was to review scientific articles in the literature related to the subject 'inflammatory markers and endothelial function' . A wide-ranging review of the current literature was conducted, using systematic analysis of bibliographic references indexed in PubMed, Scielo, Medline and LILACS database, for the years 1992 to 2013. The studies reviewed show that increases in inflammation causes reductions in NO and increases in cardiovascular events. Increased inflammation is associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: inflammation; nitric oxide; endothelium. ResumoA necessidade de estudo das Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) vem à tona pelo aumento da sua prevalência ao longo dos anos. Uma parede endotelial íntegra é essencial para a saúde vascular. Alguns fatores são responsáveis pela integridade deste tecido, como o óxido nítrico (NO), que provoca a dilatação do vaso sanguíneo em resposta ao estresse de cisalhamento. A expressão da enzima óxido nítrico sintase endotelial (eNOS), que produz óxido nítrico em resposta ao incremento do fluxo sanguíneo, é fundamental para a manutenção do sistema vascular. Quando há inibição desta enzima, ocorre diminuição da produção de óxido nítrico, causando disfunção endotelial. A PCR inibe a produção de óxido nítrico pela enzima eNOS, sendo então uma causadora de disfunção endotelial e eventos cardiovasculares. O presente artigo tem como objetivo revisar artigos científicos na literatura relacionados ao tema 'marcadores inflamatórios e função endotelial' . Foi realizada uma ampla revisão de literatura atual, utilizando-se análise sistemática das referências bibliográficas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Medline e Lilacs, no período de 1992 a 2013. Os estudos revisados mostram que o aumento da inflamação causa uma diminuição de NO e aumento de eventos cardiovasculares. O aumento da inflamação está associado ao aumento da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares.Palavras-chave: inflamação; óxido nítrico; endotélio.

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The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease

Cited by 1,759 publications

References 96 publications

Effects of a multi-component camp-based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children: A randomized controlled trial

Effects of a multi-component camp-based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children: A randomized controlled trial

ADRB2 Gln27Glu polymorphism influenced changes in leptin but not body composition or metabolic and other inflammatory parameters after twelve weeks of combined training in overweight adolescents

Inflammatory markers, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk

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