The anti-inflammatory effect of kaempferol on early atherosclerosis in high cholesterol fed rabbits

Abstract

BackgroundAtherosclerosis has been widely accepted as an inflammatory disease of vascular, adhesion molecules play an important role in the early progression of it. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of kaempferol on the inflammatory molecules such as E-selectin (E-sel), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesionmolecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in high cholesterol induced atherosclerosis rabbit models.MethodsThirty male New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, control group, model group, fenofibrate (12mg/kg) group and kaempferol groups (150 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg). The rabbits were fed with a normal diet or a high cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. Levels of blood lipids, serum tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were detected at the end of the sixth and tenth week. Malonaldehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum were also determined. Lesion areas of the aorta were measured with morphometry analysis after ten weeks. Gene expression of E-sel, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in aortas was determined by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Immunohistochemical staining was employed to measure protein expression of E-sel, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1.ResultsModel rabbits fed with ten weeks of high-cholesterol diet developed significant progression of atherosclerosis. Compared with the control, levels of blood lipids, TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA increased markedly in serum of model rabbits, while SOD levels decreased. Gene and protein expressions of E-sel, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in atherosclerotic aortas increased remarkably in model group. However, comparing to the model rabbits, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA decreased significantly and serum SOD activity increased, gene and protein expressions of E-sel, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in aortas decreased significantly with the treatment of kaempferol.ConclusionKaempferol shows anti-atherosclerotic effect by modulating the gene and protein expression of inflammatory molecules.

Evaluation of the in vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Nerium oleander L. Flower Extracts and Activity-Guided Isolation of the Active Constituents

“…The in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activites of these three compounds were previously reported in several studies [53][54][55][56]. Chlorogenic acid was shown to decrease the levels of COX-2 and PGE2 and was also found to inhibit JNK, but not p38 and ERK (p44/42) phosphorylations on LPS induced Raw 264.7 macrophages [57].…”

Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Kaempferol in Kaempferol: Hydrogenated Soy PhosphatidylCholine (HSPC) Complex

“…This fl avonoid is abundant in many plant-derived foods and traditional medicine. 1 It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom such as onion, kale, endive and tea along with formed as secondary metabolites through the phenylpropenoid biosynthetic pathway. 2 Although it has broad spectrum importance, researcher have been isolated it from different plants like Asclepias cyriaca L., 3 Crocus sativus L., 4 Cassia alata L., 5 Capsella bursa-patoris L., 6 Leptadenia pyrotechnica L., 7 and broccoli 8 and also reported its various pharmacotherapeutic effects like anticancer, 7 antioxidant, 9,10 anti-infl ammatory 11 and hepatoprotective 12 etc.…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Activities of Stem-Bark Extracts and Fractions of Carpolobia Lutea (Polygalaceae)

“…[39] Kaempferol shows anti-atherosclerotic effect by modulating the gene and protein expression of inflammatory molecules. [40] Both flavonoids significantly inhibited mRNA level of iNOS, COX-2, and C-reactive protein (CRP). [41] Kaempferol produced a significant concentration-dependent decrease of iNOS, COX-2, and CRP level at all concentrations, but the percentage of inhibition induced by quercetin was reduced at high concentrations.…”