Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Activities of Stem-Bark Extracts and Fractions of Carpolobia Lutea (Polygalaceae)

Abstract

Background:In Niger Delta, ethnomedicine hydroalcoholic extract of Carpolobia lutea (CL) (Polygalaceae) is used to relieve inflammatory pains.Objectives:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of ethanolic stem extract (ESE) and to fractionate the ESE for the elucidation of bioactive molecules.Materials and Methods:The antinociceptive effects for ESE were tested against two noxious stimuli; chemical (acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced pain) and thermal (hot plate) stimuli. The effects of paracetamol (130 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), and morphine (5 mg/kg) pretreatment were investigated. To isolate the bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory effect, two doses (86.6 and 173.2 mg/kg) of four fractions (methanol fraction MTF, ethyl acetate fraction EAF, chloroform fraction CHF, and n-hexane fraction n-HF) obtained from fractionating ESE were utilized. Carrageenan, egg albumin, and capsaicin-induced edema of the hind paw of the rats were the models adopted. Paw volume was measured by a digital vernier caliper from 0 to 6 h after injection. This was compared to standard drugs. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.Results:The ESE decreased significantly (P < 0.001) the writhing of acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions and licking of formalin-induced pains but does not have any effects on the hot plate test. Of the four fractions obtained, the EAFs demonstrated a significant (P < 0.001) inflammatory inhibition of 98.97% and 41.91% at 86.6 and 173.2 mg/kg, respectively, compared to 65.75% inhibition demonstrated by the reference drug, acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) on the carrageenan model while 36.36% and 29.87% inhibition of inflammation at 86.6 and 173.2 mg/kg, respectively, on the egg albumin models; there was no significant effect on the capsaicin model.Conclusion:The isolation of quercetin and kaemferol from CL gave credence to its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.

Ointment-Based Combination of Dittrichia viscosa L. and Marrubium vulgare L. Accelerate Burn Wound Healing

“…The carrageenan-induced paw edema protocol is the most suitable model using in vivo animals to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of natural products [ 49 ]. The metabolism of arachidonic acid causes an increase in tissue fluid and extravasation of plasma and neutrophils, which in turn leads to inflammation [ 50 ]. In early hyperemia, the carrageenan injection results in the secretion of mediators such as bradykinin, histamine, and serotonin, and after 2–3 h of injection, the paw circumstance reaches the highest level, and after that, it starts falling [ 51 ].…”

Activity of quercetin and kaemferol against Streptococcus mutans biofilm

“…Quercetin and kaemferol were often found together in natural products and both of them have shown anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities (C. J. Guo et al, 2013;Nazaruk, Chledzik, Strawa, Bazydlo, & Wajs-Bonikowska, 2017;Nwidu, Airhihen, & Ahmadu, 2016). Both flavonoids quercetin and kaemferol were found to be capable of modulating inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and reactive Cprotein expression, and inducing changes in the nuclear factor kappa B pathway in the human hepatocyte-derived cell line Chang Liver (Garcia-Mediavilla et al, 2007).…”

Exploring the Bioactive Compounds in Some Apple Vinegar Samples and Their Biological Activities

“…The carrageenan-induced rat paw inflammation assay provides a suitable in vivo animal model to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of multiple natural products [43]. The inflammation is caused by the metabolism of arachidonic acid, which leads to increased tissue fluid and extravasation of neutrophils and plasma [44]. Carrageenan causes the release of mediators such as bradykinin, histamine, and serotonin in the early phase of hyperemia.…”