The Acute Effects of Grape Polyphenols Supplementation on Endothelial Function in Adults: Meta-Analyses of Controlled Trials

Abstract

BackgroundThe acute effects of grape polyphenols on endothelial function in adults are inconsistent. Here, we performed meta-analyses to determine these acute effects as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD).MethodsTrials were searched in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library database. Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs were obtained by using random-effects models. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. The protocol details of our meta-analysis have been submitted to the PROSPERO register and our registration number is CRD42013004157.ResultsNine studies were included in the present meta-analyses. The results showed that the FMD level was significantly increased in the initial 120 min after intake of grape polyphenols as compared with controls. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed and showed that a health status was the main effect modifier of the significant heterogeneity. Subgroups indicated that intake of grape polyphenols could significantly increase FMD in healthy subjects, and the increased FMD appeared to be more obviously in subjects with high cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, the peak effect of grape polyphenols on FMD in healthy subjects was found 30 min after ingestion, which was different from the effect in subjects with high cardiovascular risk factors, in whom the peak effect was found 60 min after ingestion.ConclusionsEndothelial function can be significantly improved in healthy adults in the initial 2 h after intake of grape polyphenols. The acute effect of grape polyphenols on endothelial function may be more significant but the peak effect is delayed in subjects with a smoking history or coronary heart disease as compared with the healthy subjects.

Daily consumption of red grape cell powder in a dietary dose improves cardiovascular parameters: a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study

“…Furthermore, a recent review of human clinical studies on the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular disease confirmed that wine and beer seem to have greater cardiovascular protection than spirits due to their polyphenolic content (Chiva-Blanch et al, 2013), lending further support to the ''French paradox'' paradigm (Catalgol et al, 2012). Finally, the results of a recent metaanalysis showed that the acute effect of grape polyphenols on FMD was more significant in subjects with a smoking history or coronary heart disease compared to healthy subjects (Li et al, 2013). Recent studies in which the effect of chronic consumption of polyphenols berries (e.g.…”

Grapes and Atherosclerosis

“…Studies have demonstrated that polyphenols enhance the production of nitric oxide (NO) thus increasing vasodilation (Stoclet et al 2004). A meta-analysis that included nine studies demonstrated that grape polyphenols increase flow-mediated vasodilation compared to controls (Li et al 2013).…”

“…However, other studies using more practical doses (corresponding to 1.25 g to 2 cups fresh grapes) with standardized grape products have found similar results, increasing the FMD response after both acute and chronic intakes, compared to placebo (Chaves et al 2009;Barona et al 2012). Interestingly, a metaanalysis (described in the previous section) presenting the results of nine controlled trials on the acute effects of grape polyphenol consumption on FMD found that the FMD response significantly increased in the initial 2 h after intake of grape polyphenols as compared with controls, with a peak effect at 30 min in healthy participants compared to a more pronounce but delayed peak at 60 min in volunteers with cardiovascular risk factors (Li et al 2013). The authors proposed that in these subjects with high cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial cells have been impaired and might require 60 min after the ingestion of grape polyphenols to produce adequate nitric oxide to improve endothelial function, resulting in the delayed effect.…”

“…The authors proposed that in these subjects with high cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial cells have been impaired and might require 60 min after the ingestion of grape polyphenols to produce adequate nitric oxide to improve endothelial function, resulting in the delayed effect. However, they also noted that exact mechanisms are still unclear and need to be explored in the future (Li et al 2013).…”

Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Juices Produced With Irradiated Grapes

“…Grape consumption and its derivatives are associated with several beneficial health effects, such as: the increase of antioxidant capacity, reduction of oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL), increase of high density lipoproteins (HDL) (EVANS et al, 2014), improvement of endothelial function (LI et al, 2013) antimutagenic activity (POLONIO et al, 2014), decrease in platelet aggregation (SCHAMATT et al, 2013), and improvement of cardiovascular oxidation (HORT et al, 2012) and neurocognitive function (KRIKORIAN et al, 2012).…”