Test unit effects on heat transfer in large fires

Computational fire modeling for aircraft fire research

“…Calculations with the model indicated that reductions in heat flux of 25-40% (relative to uncoupled blackbody heat flux calculations) were typical for a large flat plate in a fire, as a result of the thermal radiation boundary layer development. These results have successfully explained discrepancies observed in heat flux measurements to calorimeters of varying sizes (see for example: Keltner et al, (1990)). This objectlfire interaction could be important for aircraft fires involving fuel tank heating, or for very short times after ignition (e.g., the first few minutes in which burn-through and evacuation occur).…”

Coupling of Large Fire Phenomenon with Object Geometry and Object Thermal Response

“…Data from large fire experiments including engulfed objects by Keltner et al [12] tend to illustrate a trend of decreasing incident heat flux to calorimeters of increasing size and thermal mass. Similar trends have been observed in experiments including a large flat plate by Gritzo et al [13] and water-cooled calorimeter by Koski et al.…”

Flixborough: A final footnote

“…The time for this to occur under similar heating would have been about a further 10 s. 12 Bainbridge and Keltner (1988) and Keltner, Nicolette, Brown, and Bainbridge, (1990) describe the thermal environments of large (9  18 m) $500 MW heat release rate (HRR) JP4 pool fires and the immersion effects on both large (a 1.4 m diameter  6.4 m long horizontal cylinder) and small (0.1 and 0.2 m diameter) calorimeters. Considerable spatial and temporal flame temperatures were observed.…”