Coupling of Large Fire Phenomenon with Object Geometry and Object Thermal Response

Gritzo, Louis A.; Nicolette, V.F.

doi:10.1177/073490419701500601

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Flame radiation flux, , is computed from a discrete representation of the radiative intensity Equation (11). The Couette flow is assumed to prevail near the wall surface, and the convective heat feedback is calculated from a wall function [28] far away from the wall for viscous effects to be negligible, that is at y + ≥ 11.…”

Section: Phase Coupling Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Birk correlation [10] predicts that the highest heat fluxes are at the top, and the values decrease along the periphery to the underside of the cylinder. The occurrence of large fires that engulf objects was experimentally and numerically studied by Gritzo [11]. Tests were conducted by Keltner [12] to simulate fuel spill fires that might occur under the wing of a transport aircraft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between Crosswind and Aviation-Fuel Fire Engulfing a Full-Scale Composite-Type Aircraft: A Numerical Study

Wang

2015

Aerospace

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This numerical study focuses on the fire phenomenology associated with the presence of a composite-type aircraft immersed, at one particular location and orientation, within a large aviation-fuel fire in a moving fluid medium. An extension of the eddy dissipation concept is incorporated, allowing one to investigate the roles of the wind speed and its direction on the fire growth, heat flux distribution and smoke products, such as carbon monoxide and soot. The predicted flame shape compares well with the measurements for an intermediate-scale fire. The outcome of the study is interesting, and the interaction model between turbulence and combustion is indeed adequate. The prediction indicates that interaction between the large object and fire environment combined with the influence of wind conditions dramatically affects the continuous flame shape. The increase of the wind speed results in an alteration of the distribution of the incident heat fluxes to the engulfed fuselage skin for a case where the fire and fuselage are of comparable size. The highest heat flux occurs on the windward side of the fuselage for the low and medium winds, but on the leeward side of the fuselage for the high wind. The peak in heat flux to the medium or high wind is almost equal in magnitude, but about a factor four increase of that to the low wind.

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Section: Phase Coupling Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Crosswind and Aviation-Fuel Fire Engulfing a Full-Scale Composite-Type Aircraft: A Numerical Study

Wang

2015

Aerospace

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“…(27) and (30) into eq. (16), the net total radiative heat flux towards the fuel surface ( ) R q x ′′ can be derived.…”

Section: Radiances and Radiant Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Simplified theoretical models, such as a one-dimensional model on radiative blockage by soot layer within a flame [24], a compartment fire model that includes the effects of radiation blockage [25] and a dimensionless model on the blockage of flame heat transfer by a cool soot layer surrounding a cold object immersed in a large flame volume [26,27] etc. Although these simplified theoretical models are considered preliminary focusing only on isolated problems, they were quite helpful to extending knowledge and creating continuous interest in the heat transfer blockage phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat transfer blockage in small scale combustion of polymers

Jiang

Ris

et al. 2011

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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Flame heat transfer blockage occurs as fuel vapors, soot and products of combustion near a burning fuel surface block much of the heat feedbacks (including external radiative heat flux) to the fuel surface of a burning object. Blockage clearly affects burning rates and heat release rates of fires. This needs to be included when calculating flame heat transfer in fire growth models. An understanding of burning of materials in small scale fires is of broad and vital importance for predicting their burning performance in large scale fires. The blockage phenomenon was clearly observed and quantitatively measured in experiments that took advantage of the unique capability of the Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA) of being able to vary the ambient oxygen concentrations. An indirect measurement approach was established which provides an experimental understanding of the concept of the blockage. The measurements were further explained by a one-dimensional steady-state model of a diffusion flame, which focuses on the radiant absorption and emission by the gas-soot mixture of flames. The theoretical model provides a greater understanding of the fundamental knowledge of the blockage. The overall heat transfer blockage factor can be up to 0.3 -0.4 for PMMA and POM. The factor and its components are nearly independent of the external radiation, but increase as the ambient oxygen concentration rises. A comparison between experimental data and model prediction shows a good agreement. polymer, flame heat transfer blockage, gas-soot mixture, gas absorption and emission, external radiant heat flux, oxygen concentration Citation: Jiang F H, Qi H Y, de Ris J L, et al. Heat transfer blockage in small scale combustion of polymers.

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“…Sparse instrumentation was used elsewhere for global characterization of the fire environment. In addition to supplying data that directly support the goals of the test program [6], the importance of object-induced turbulence (in the form of a secondary flame zone attached to the plate surface) and radiative coupling was discovered during this test series [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-characterized open pool experiment data and analysis for model validation and development.

Sundberg¹,

Brown²,

Blanchat³

2006

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Four Well-Characterized Open Pool fires were conducted by Fire Science and Technology Department. The focus of the Well-Characterized Open Pool fire series was to provide environmental information for open pool fires on a physics first principal basis. The experiments measured the burning rate of liquid fuel in an open pool and the resultant heat flux to a weaponsized object and the surrounding environment with well-characterized boundary and initial conditions. Results presented in this report include a general description of test observation (pre and post-test), wind measurements, fire plume topology, average fuel recession and heat release rates, and incident heat flux to the pool and to the calorimeters. As expected, results of the experiments show a strong correlation between wind conditions, fuel vaporization (mass loss) rate, and incident heat flux to the fuel and ground surface and calorimeters. Numerical fire simulations using both temporally-and spatially-dependant wind boundary conditions were performed using the Vulcan fire code. Comparisons of data to simulation predictions showed similar trends; however, simulation-predicted incident heat fluxes were lower than measured. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis report concludes a multi-year study of the data from a suite of unique fire experiments. The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their participation in this effort.

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Coupling of Large Fire Phenomenon with Object Geometry and Object Thermal Response

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Interaction between Crosswind and Aviation-Fuel Fire Engulfing a Full-Scale Composite-Type Aircraft: A Numerical Study

Interaction between Crosswind and Aviation-Fuel Fire Engulfing a Full-Scale Composite-Type Aircraft: A Numerical Study

Heat transfer blockage in small scale combustion of polymers

Well-characterized open pool experiment data and analysis for model validation and development.

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