Tensile test of a single nanofiber using an atomic force microscope tip

Tan, Eunice X.; Goh, Cho-Hong; Sow, Chorng Haur; Lim, Chwee Teck

doi:10.1063/1.1862337

Cited by 111 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The stage is used to apply tensile force to the fiber, and a microscope and camera are used to observe the fiber during testing. 87,88 A few commercial nanotensile testers have also been produced. One such system uses a cardboard frame to grip the nanofiber.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering

Dahlin

Kasper

Mikos

2011

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

294

198

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Polymeric nanofibers can be produced using methods such as electrospinning, phase separation, and selfassembly, and the fiber composition, diameter, alignment, degradation, and mechanical properties can be tailored to the intended application. Nanofibers possess unique advantages for tissue engineering. The small diameter closely matches that of extracellular matrix fibers, and the relatively large surface area is beneficial for cell attachment and bioactive factor loading. This review will update the reader on the aspects of nanofiber fabrication and characterization important to tissue engineering, including control of porous structure, cell infiltration, and fiber degradation. Bioactive factor loading will be discussed with specific relevance to tissue engineering. Finally, applications of polymeric nanofibers in the fields of bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon, cardiovascular, and neural tissue engineering will be reviewed.

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Section: Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering

Dahlin

Kasper

Mikos

2011

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

294

198

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“…68 Tan and coworkers fixed one end of a nanofiber, and used the AFM cantilever to deform and measure force generated in PEO nanofibers. 100 Similarly, the AFM probe tip has been used to carry out three-point bending tests of individual fibers placed over a groove microetched into a silicon wafer. 101 Still more recently, specialized MEM devices have been constructed that couple with AFM cantilevers, and have been used to show the dependence of ultimate strain on applied strain rate for polyacrylonitrile nanofibers.…”

Section: Single-fiber Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering on the Straight and Narrow: The Mechanics of Nanofibrous Assemblies for Fiber-Reinforced Tissue Regeneration

Mauck

Baker

Nerurkar

et al. 2009

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

189

177

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Tissue engineering of fibrous tissues of the musculoskeletal system represents a considerable challenge because of the complex architecture and mechanical properties of the component structures. Natural healing processes in these dense tissues are limited as a result of the mechanically challenging environment of the damaged tissue and the hypocellularity and avascular nature of the extracellular matrix. When healing does occur, the ordered structure of the native tissue is replaced with a disorganized fibrous scar with inferior mechanical properties, engendering sites that are prone to re-injury. To address the engineering of such tissues, we and others have adopted a structurally motivated approach based on organized nanofibrous assemblies. These scaffolds are composed of ultrafine polymeric fibers that can be fabricated in such a way to recreate the structural anisotropy typical of fiber-reinforced tissues. This straight-and-narrow topography not only provides tailored mechanical properties, but also serves as a 3D biomimetic micropattern for directed tissue formation. This review describes the underlying technology of nanofiber production and focuses specifically on the mechanical evaluation and theoretical modeling of these structures as it relates to native tissue structure and function. Applying the same mechanical framework for understanding native and engineered fiber-reinforced tissues provides a functional method for evaluating the utility and maturation of these unique engineered constructs. We further describe several case examples where these principles have been put to test, and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities in forwarding this technology toward clinical implementation.

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“…8 Finally, tension tests, following macroscale standards, involve the least number of assumptions necessary to extract material properties, and allow for fiber testing until failure. 19 Due to the small nanofiber dimensions, several authors implemented a combination of AFM cantilevers as the load sensors 16,[20][21][22] to conduct tests inside a scanning electron microscope ͑SEM͒. 22 Zussman et al used this method to test carbon nanofibers from polymeric precursors and nanofibers 20 under an optical microscope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel method for mechanical characterization of polymeric nanofibers

Naraghi

Chasiotis

Kahn

et al. 2007

Review of Scientific Instruments

124

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A novel method to perform nanoscale mechanical characterization of highly deformable nanofibers has been developed. A microelectromechanical system ͑MEMS͒ test platform with an on-chip leaf-spring load cell that was tuned with the aid of a focused ion beam was built for fiber gripping and force measurement and it was actuated with an external piezoelectric transducer. Submicron scale tensile tests were performed in ambient conditions under an optical microscope. Engineering stresses and strains were obtained directly from images of the MEMS platform, by extracting the relative rigid body displacements of the device components by digital image correlation. The accuracy in determining displacements by this optical method was shown to be better than 50 nm. In the application of this method, the mechanical behavior of electrospun polyacrylonitrite nanofibers with diameters ranging from 300 to 600 nm was investigated. The stress-strain curves demonstrated an apparent elastic-perfectly plastic behavior with elastic modulus of 7.6± 1.5 GPa and large irreversible strains that exceeded 220%. The large fiber stretch ratios were the result of a cascade of periodic necks that formed during cold drawing of the nanofibers.

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Tensile test of a single nanofiber using an atomic force microscope tip

Cited by 111 publications

References 16 publications

Polymeric Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering

Polymeric Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering

Engineering on the Straight and Narrow: The Mechanics of Nanofibrous Assemblies for Fiber-Reinforced Tissue Regeneration

Novel method for mechanical characterization of polymeric nanofibers

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