Temporal Changes in the Association Between Food Insecurity and Socioeconomic Status in Two Population-Based Surveys in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2020

Public Health Nutr.

Objective: To assess access to government programs and their association with food insecurity in families from quilombolas communities in Brazil. Design: An analysis of secondary data from the 2011 Quilombolas Census was performed in Brazilian territories. The Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, EBIA) was used to assess the household food insecurity status. The relationships of governmental programs with the levels of food insecurity were estimated using logistic regression models. Setting: Greater national survey census of food and nutritional security of the recognized Quilombolas Brazilian territories. Participants: 8,743 quilombolas families. Results: The prevalence of household food insecurity was 86.1% (moderate/severe food insecurity: 55.9%, 95% CI: 54.8-56.9). After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, access to rural development programs (Food Acquisition Program: OR: 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8, p-value <0.01) and health programs (Center for Family Health Support: OR: 0.5, 95% CI 0.5-0.7, p-value <0.001) were inversely and significantly associated with moderate/severe food insecurity. The Brazilian conditional cash transfer program (Bolsa Família) was associated with quilombolas families with moderate/severe levels of food insecurity (OR: 3.3, 95% CI 2.8-4.0, p-value <0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of food insecurity was high among quilombolas families. Despite reduced participation in governmental programs, rural development, agriculture and conditional cash transfer programs are fundamental to the autonomy of quilombolas communities. In spite the low participation, when families are able to access these programs, the study revealed the importance of these initiatives in reducing the likelihood of severe levels of food insecurity.

Section: Rural Technical Assistance and Extensionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governmental programmes associated with food insecurity among communities of descendants of enslaved blacks in Brazil

Cherol

Ferreira

2020

Public Health Nutr.

“…The effect of social changes observed in Brazil on reducing FI in some municipalities corroborates these study (48-50) . In their study, Palmeira et al (8) observed a reduction in FI followed by improvement in socio-economic indicators in two waves of data collected in representative samples in a poor municipality in Rio de Janeiro (Southeast Brazil). Their findings support the hypothesis that these changes occurred due to improvements in socioeconomic indicators and in participation in the PBF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These included the Zero Hunger Strategy ( Estratégia Fome Zero ) (4,5) and the conditional cash transfer program called Programa Bolsa Família (6,7) . In addition, the Brazilian government introduced measures to regulate food prices to reduce the cost of the basic food basket and built food safety stocks (8) . In addition, the Government strengthened the legal framework for FNS, with the participation of the National Food and Nutrition Security Council (CONSEA) in the policy process (9) (Perez-Escamilla, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Insecurity Increases in Brazil from 2004 to 2018: Analysis of national surveys

Ferreira

Mattos

et al. 2020

Preprint

Objective: Describe secular changes in food security (FS) and severe food insecurity (FI) in Brazil. Design: We analyzed four national surveys that assessed FI with the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (EBIA), and estimated the percentage changes of FS/FI levels between 2004 and 2013 (1st period) and between 2013 and 2018 (2nd period) by sociodemographic variables. Setting: Data from the cross-sectional Brazilian National Households Sample Surveys (2004, 2009 and 2013) and Household Budget Survey (2018). Participants: Nationally representative samples of household surveys (2004=112,530; 2009=120,910;2013=116,196; and 2018=57,920). Results: The 1st period was marked by a significant increase in FS (+18.9%) and by a reduction in severe FI (-53.6%). The 2nd period showed a decrease in FS (-18.2%) and an increase of severe FI (+43.8%). The greater increase FS in the 1st period was in the Northeast (+33.4%), among households with more than 7 residents (+40.8%), and in households were the reference person self-identified as black or mulatto (+27.6%). In the 2nd period, the lower increase in severe FI was observed among households with children under 4 years old (+ 6.3%) and with members over 65 years old (+12.5%). Conclusions: After a significant reduction in FS from 2004 to 2013, FS was strongly compromised from 2014 to 2018 likely as result of disruptions in access to foods in all regions, intensified by the sociodemographic inequality in Brazil. Hunger in Brazil has re-emerged as a national concern.

“…Este fato pode ter auxiliado de forma definitiva na redução das prevalências dos graus mais graves de insegurança alimentar. Palmeira et al 43 alimentar em populações vulneráveis à pobreza. Entretanto, vale ressaltar o cenário atual de retrocesso dos programas sociais e recrudescimento de situações mais graves de insegurança alimentar 44 , o que pode apresentar impacto negativo no local onde o estudo foi realizado.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Mudanças na prevalência de excesso de peso em adolescentes residentes em área de alta vulnerabilidade a insegurança alimentar

Santana

Barros

et al. 2021

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as mudanças na prevalência do excesso de peso em adolescentes e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e insegurança alimentar em período de 5 anos. Foram realizados dois estudos transversais com 511 (2005) e 314 (2010) adolescentes de 12 a 18,9 anos residentes de Campos Elíseos (Duque de Caxias-RJ). Excesso de peso foi avaliado por meio do IMC (peso/estatura²). A insegurança alimentar foi investigada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). Utilizou-se regressão logística para verificar a associação entre as mudanças temporais de excesso de peso segundo sexo, idade, cor da pele, e insegurança alimentar. Quanto à evolução do excesso de peso pode se notar que nos meninos houve aumento significativo para os mais novos (20,1% para 49,5%), os de cor preta ou parda (22,2% para 37,3%), os que tinham renda per capita de até ½ salário mínimo (13,6% para 32,5%) e os que apresentavam insegurança alimentar moderada e grave (9,2% para 36,3%) entre 2005 e 2010. Conclui-se que o aumento do excesso de peso foi expressivo nos adolescentes residentes em área de insegurança alimentar, e os meninos mais novos, pretos ou pardos, de menor renda e residentes em lares com insegurança alimentar moderada e grave estão mais expostos a este aumento.