Technological growth of fuel efficiency in european automobile market 1975–2015

Hu, Kejia; Chen, Yuche

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.08.024

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A 1% increase in power leads to a 0.061% decrease in FCR for local brands in Model 1. The coefficient of power is negative, which is opposite to similar studies [13,14] but consistent with the results of Figures 4 and 5. Figures 4 and 5 show the linear regression result of power and FCR when holding curb weight constant (actually in a relatively small interval).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Technological Progress of the Fuel Consumption Rate for Passenger Vehicles in China: 2009–2016

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2019

Energies

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China has set stringent fuel consumption rate (FCR) targets to address the serious environmental and energy security problems caused by vehicles. Estimating the technological progress and tradeoffs between FCR and vehicle attributes is important for assessing the viability of meeting future targets. In this paper, we explored the relationship between vehicle FCR and other attributes using a regression model with data from 2009–2016. We also quantified the difference in the tradeoff between local and joint venture brands. The result showed that from 2009 to 2016, if power and curb mass were held constant, 2.3% and 2.9% annual technological progress should have been achieved for local and joint venture brands, respectively. The effectiveness of fuel-efficient technologies for joint venture brands is generally better than that of local brands. Impacts of other attributes on FCR were also assessed. The joint venture brands made more technological progress with FCR improvement than that of local brands. Even if 100% of technological progress (assume the technological progress in the future were the same as that of 2009–2016) investment were used to improve actual FCR after 2016, it would be difficult to meet 2020 target. Accelerating the adoption of fuel-efficient technologies, and controlling weight and performance, are both needed to achieve the 2020 and 2025 targets.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Technological Progress of the Fuel Consumption Rate for Passenger Vehicles in China: 2009–2016

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…Fuel economy standards may also stimulate increasing rates of technical efficiency improvements. Hu & Chen [11] and Klier & Linn [12] studied the EU market between 1975-2015 and 2005-2010 respectively and reported higher rates of TEI after the introduction of binding EU emissions standards in 2008/09. Some past studies [9][10][11] focussed on comparing the hypothetical fuel consumption had all vehicle attributes remained constant, to the average fuel consumption of available models.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do technical improvements lead to real efficiency gains? Disaggregating changes in transport energy intensity

Craglia¹,

Cullen²

2019

Energy Policy

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Fuel economy standards are a key measure to increase the rate of efficiency improvements in passenger cars. The fuel consumption of vehicles can be improved in three ways: incremental technical efficiency improvements within powertrain technologies, market shifts to more efficient types of powertrains and by limiting increases in the size and performance of vehicles. This study quantifies the effect of each of these three drivers on the fuel consumption of British vehicles between 2001 and 2018 using driver-reported data on real-world fuel consumption. Analysis shows the introduction of EU fuel economy standards in 2008/09 had little effect on the rate of real technical efficiency improvements in British vehicles. Instead of adopting technical improvements at a higher rate or limiting the size and power of vehicles, these results suggest vehicle manufacturers met emissions standards by increasing the divergence between laboratory tests and real-world fuel consumption. This study adds to the growing literature calling for official test procedures to be representative of real-world driving.

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“…Thus, minimizing the tire power losses would minimize the engine power-on the left-hand side of equation (19)-too. Minimizing the power loss of the non-drive wheels is excluded here, because in the case of zero tire slip, tire power loss becomes a decreasing function of inflation pressure, which is not interesting for optimization study.…”

Section: Tire Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite considerable increase in cars’ fuel efficiency during the recent years, several studies 19 have outlined that the resulting rate of decrement in fuel consumption is not yet sufficient to meet EU 2021 target. Furthermore, by switching from New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) to Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), considerable increase in vehicle energy demand and CO 2 emission would be indicated during the type approval tests, 20,21 which amplifies the key importance of improving the fuel efficiency in vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to improve vehicle energy efficiency: Minimization of tire power loss

Sina

Yazdi

Esfahanian

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The importance of energy efficiency, as one of the most crucial issues in automotive industry, has grown more rapidly considering the global energy crisis and climate change in recent years. This paper aims to introduce a method to increase the powertrain efficiency based on the minimization of tire power loss. Slip resistance is taken into account as well as rolling resistance to yield the modified tire resistance considered in this study. It is shown that the general optimal control problem can be reduced to an instantaneous minimization problem in which the equivalent force of tire power loss is to be minimized at each instant of time. Moreover, tire inflation pressure is selected as the control input bearing its major influence on tire resistance and its potential of being controllable in the mind. In addition, a polynomial inverse tire model is developed in order to find the solution of the minimization problem with lower computational cost. The coefficients used in inverse tire model are characterized as a function of friction coefficient, normal load, and inflation pressure so that the reliability and accuracy of the model are guaranteed under different conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed online control system, called Tire Inflation Pressure Regulation System, is simulated in some driving cycles, i.e. NEDC, FTP, HWFET, and ARTEMIS-Urban, and it is shown that up to 2% improvement is achievable.

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Technological growth of fuel efficiency in european automobile market 1975–2015

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

The Technological Progress of the Fuel Consumption Rate for Passenger Vehicles in China: 2009–2016

The Technological Progress of the Fuel Consumption Rate for Passenger Vehicles in China: 2009–2016

Do technical improvements lead to real efficiency gains? Disaggregating changes in transport energy intensity

A novel method to improve vehicle energy efficiency: Minimization of tire power loss

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