Taxas de decomposição e de liberação de macronutrientes da palhada de aveia preta em plantio direto

Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa; Moro, Edemar; Lima, Eduardo do Valle; Andreotti, Marcelo

doi:10.1590/s0006-87052008000200024

Cited by 64 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Entretanto, em relação a outras espécies de cobertura, como o nabo forrageiro (CRUSCIOL et al, 2005) e a aveia preta (CRUSCIOL et al, 2008), a fitomassa do consórcio tem boa persistência, independentemente do manejo utilizado, evidenciando que, nas condições experimentais, a fragmentação refletiu em um ligeiro aumento na degradação da palhada.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Resultados semelhantes foram observados por Crusciol et al (2005Crusciol et al ( , 2008, Boer et al (2007) e Leite et al (2010). A rápida liberação de K da fitomassa ocorreu em decorrência desse elemento não estar associado a nenhum componente estrutural do tecido vegetal (MARSCHNER, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Portanto, a liberação desses elementos ocorre mais rapidamente na fase logo após o manejo, com redução continua, e posterior tendência à estabilização em valores próximos a zero. Crusciol et al (2008) avaliando a taxa de liberação dos nutrientes da aveia preta, observaram maior taxa entre 10 e 20 DAM, para os nutrientes N, K, Ca e Mg.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Persistência e liberação de elementos da fitomassa do consórcio crotalária com milheto sob fragmentação

Costa¹,

Crusciol²,

Soratto³

et al. 2014

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, avaliar a taxa de decomposição e a velocidade de liberação de macronutrientes e Si da fitomassa do consórcio crotalária mais milheto, em função do tempo após manejo, sem e com fragmentação. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, em Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial constituído por dois manejos da fitomassa da parte aérea (sem e com fragmentação mecânica) e seis épocas de coleta [0; 18; 32; 46; 74 e 91 dias após manejo (DAM)]. Foram determinadas a massa de matéria seca, teor de macronutrientes e Si e quantidade dos nutrientes remanescentes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, as médias dos tratamentos do fator manejo comparadas pelo teste de t (LSD) a 5% e do fator épocas de coletas ajustados a equações matemáticas. A fragmentação da fitomassa aumenta a taxa de decomposição e a liberação de N, P, Ca e S. O K é rapidamente disponibilizado, restando 91 DAM, em média, 1,5% da quantidade total acumulada. Aos 91 DAM pelo menos 80% de todos os macronutrientes já haviam sido liberados ao solo. A máxima liberação diária dos macronutrientes ocorre entre 0 a 18 DAM. A taxa de liberação de Si é constante e ocorre aumento do teor do elemento na fitomassa com o tempo devido à acentuada liberação de C. O Si é o elemento liberado mais lentamente ao solo, restando ainda 91 DAM, em média, 85% da quantidade total acumulada na fitomassa. Palavras-chave:Crotalaria juncea. Milheto. Palha-utilização na agricultura. Cultivo consorciado.ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to evaluate the rate of decomposition and rate of release of macronutrients and Si in the biomass from intercropped sunn hemp and millet, as a function of time after management, both with and without fragmentation. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Botucatu, São Paulo. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replications, in a factorial design consisting of two managements of shoot phytomass (with and without mechanical fragmentation) at six harvesting times [0, 18, 32, 46, 74 and 91 days after management (DAM)]. The dry-matter weight, macronutrient and Si content, and quantity of remaining nutrients were determined. The data were subjected to variance analysis, the averages of the factor management treatments were compared by t-test (LSD) at 5%, and those of the factor sampling-times, adjusted to the mathematical equations. Fragmentation of the phytomass increases the rate of decomposition and release of N, P, Ca and S. K is available quickly, with on average 1.5% of the total amount accumulated at 91 DAM. By 91 DAM at least 80% of all the macronutrients had been released into the soil. The maximum daily release of macronutrients occurs between 0 to18 DAM. The release rate of Si is constant, and there is an increase of the content of this element in the phytomass over time, due to the marked release of C. The element Si is that released most slowly into the soil, with there still ...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

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Persistência e liberação de elementos da fitomassa do consórcio crotalária com milheto sob fragmentação

Costa¹,

Crusciol²,

Soratto³

et al. 2014

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

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“…Thus, as the aboveground part of the plants begins the drying process and degrades, the concentration of K in the tissue decreases drastically because it is easily carried away by rainwater (Khatounian, 1999) after rupture of the plasmatic membrane (Malavolta et al, 1997). The rapid release of K from the SDM was also observed by Crusciol et al (2005Crusciol et al ( , 2008 in oilseed radish and black oats, and by Boer et al (2007) and Leite et al (2010) in pearl millet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…In other words, there is a rapid release of the elements in the phase soon after desiccation, with a gradual reduction thereafter. Crusciol et al (2008) evaluated the release rate of macronutrients from black oat shoot dry matter and also observed a greater release rate of N, K, Ca, and Mg in the first 20 DAD. These authors grew black oats in the period from July to September on a eutroferric Red Oxisol and, despite the differences in the soil and climatic conditions and the soil cover crops of each study, the period of highest nutrient release rate was similar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cycling of nutrients and silicon in pigeonpea and pearl millet monoculture and intercropping

Crusciol

Neto

Soratto

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYIn a no-tillage system, cover crops must be used that combine shoot dry matter production and nutrient recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate shoot dry matter production, decomposition rate and macronutrient and silicon release from pigeonpea and pearl millet in monoculture and intercropping systems. A randomized block design was used with a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor consisted of three cover crops (pigeonpea, pearl millet and intercropping of these cover crops) and the second consisted of six sampling times [0, 18, 32, 46, 74 and 91 days after desiccation (DAD)]. Pearl millet produced greater amounts of shoot dry matter and content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, C and Si and had a higher decomposition rate and macronutrient and Si release than the other cover crops. The rates of decomposition and daily nutrient release from shoot dry matter were highest in the first period of evaluation (0-18 DAD). Over time, the C/N, C/P and C/S ratios increased, while C/Si and the decomposition rate decreased. Potassium was the nutrient most quickly released to the soil, especially from pearl millet residue. Silicon had the lowest release rate, with 62, 82 and 74 % of the total content in the shoot dry matter remaining in the last evaluation of pearl millet, pigeonpea and in the intercrop system, respectively. The shoot dry matter from the intercrop system had a different decomposition rate than that from the pearl millet monoculture and pigeonpea. Plants with greater shoot dry matter production and lower C/Si ratio are more effective in a no-tillage system for providing a more complete and persistent soil cover.Index terms: Cajanus cajan, Pennisetum glaucum, intercropping, nutrient release. RESUMO: CICLAGEM DE NUTRIENTES E SILÍCIO PELO GUANDU-ANÃO E MILHETO CULTIVADOS SOLTEIROS E CONSORCIADOSAs características mais importantes na escolha de plantas de cobertura para o sistema plantio direto são a quantidade e a durabilidade da fitomassa produzida, bem como a capacidade de reciclar nutrientes. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a produção de fitomassa, taxa de decomposição e ciclagem de macronutrientes e silício pelo guandu-anão e milheto, em cultivo solteiro e consorciado. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, constituído por três tipos de cobertura vegetal (guandu-anão, milheto e o consórcio dessas espécies) e seis épocas de coleta [0, 18, 32, 46, 74 e 91 dias, após a dessecação (DAD)]. O milheto produziu maior quantidade de fitomassa, acumulou mais N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, C e Si e teve maior taxa de decomposição e de liberação de macronutrientes e Si que as demais coberturas vegetais. As maiores taxas de decomposição e liberação diária de nutrientes das fitomassas ocorreram no primeiro período de avaliação (0 a 18 DAD). Com o passar do tempo ocorreu aumento das relações C/N, C/P e C/S e redução na relação C/Si e na taxa de decomposição da fitomassa. O K foi o nutriente mais rapidamente disponibilizado ao solo, e...

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Considerations for Unharvested Plant Potassium

Rosolem

Mallarino

Nogueira

2020

Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops

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Potassium (K) is found in plants as a free ion or in weak complexes. It is easily released from living or decomposing tissues, and it should be considered in fertilization programs. Several factors affect K cycling in agroecosystems, including soil and fertilizer K contributions, plant K content and exports, mineralization rates from residues, soil chemical reactions, rainfall, and time. Soil K+ ions can be leached, remain as exchangeable K, or migrate to non-exchangeable forms. Crop rotations that include vigorous, deep-rooted cover crops capable of exploring non-exchangeable K in soil are an effective strategy for recycling K and can prevent leaching below the rooting zone in light-textured soils. The amount of K released by cover crops depends on biomass production. Potassium recycled with non-harvested components of crops also varies greatly. Research with maize, soybean, and wheat has shown that 50–60% of K accumulated in vegetative tissues is released within 40–45 days. A better understanding of K cycling would greatly improve the efficacy of K management for crop production. When studying K cycling in agricultural systems, it is important to consider: (1) K addition from fertilizers and organic amendments; (2) K left in residues; (3) K partitioning differences among species; (4) soil texture; (5) soil pools that act as temporary sources or sinks for K. In this chapter, the role of cash and cover crops and organic residues on K cycling are explored to better understand how these factors could be integrated into making K fertilizer recommendations.

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Taxas de decomposição e de liberação de macronutrientes da palhada de aveia preta em plantio direto

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Persistência e liberação de elementos da fitomassa do consórcio crotalária com milheto sob fragmentação

Persistência e liberação de elementos da fitomassa do consórcio crotalária com milheto sob fragmentação

Cycling of nutrients and silicon in pigeonpea and pearl millet monoculture and intercropping

Considerations for Unharvested Plant Potassium

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