Tantalum—processing, properties and applications

Köck, W.; Paschen, Peter

doi:10.1007/bf03220360

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…When a sufficiently high voltage is applied between the metal-oxide cathode and the anode, the oxygen found within the metal-oxide, or the metal-oxygen solid solution [O]M, becomes ionized. This is shown in Reactions [2] and [3], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Reduction of Tantalum Pentoxide Using Graphite and Tin-Oxide-Based Anodes via the FFC-Cambridge Process

Barnett

Kilby

Fray

2009

Metall Mater Trans B

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An investigation into the electrochemical reduction of tantalum pentoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) to tantalum metal in molten calcium chloride was performed. The oxide was made the cathode, and either graphite or tin oxide rods were selected as the anodes. The experiments were terminated after 8 hours of potentiostatic electrolysis using a two-electrode setup, with the current and anodic potential recorded. The cathode products were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inert-gas fusion analysis. The key result is that tantalum can be produced using either anode, but the tin oxide anode leads to greater current efficiency and a cleaner melt with no significant differences in the product microstructure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…[1] Presently, most tantalum metal is commercially produced by a series of complex procedures, which involves a particularly expensive step-the sodiothermic reduction of small crystals of K 2 TaF 7 to tantalum powder in a molten fluoride salt bath. [2,3] K 2 TaF 7 þ 5Na<¼>Ta þ 2KF þ 5NaF ½1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Tantalum Pentoxide Using Graphite and Tin-Oxide-Based Anodes via the FFC-Cambridge Process

Barnett

Kilby

Fray

2009

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…83 K6ck and Paschen discussed tantalum extraction. 84 Ozdal and Eric described test work done to optimize W0 3 recovery by sodium carbonate pressure leaching of a scheelite concentrate. 85 Hansen and Traut reported the kinetics ofleaching rock ilmenite by hydrofluoric acid.…”

Section: Leaching Of Ores and Concentratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aqueous processing of minerals and materials

Doyle

1990

JOM

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“…Special tantalum alloys have also been used in medicine for prosthesis manufacture. Tantalum alloys have high tolerance to high temperatures; consequently, they have bean used in space aircrafts and in the nuclear industry to produce special components which need to resistant to high temperatures (Kock and Paschen 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tantalum Dissolution Rate in Simulant Lung Fluid

Lima

Coelho

Dalia

et al. 2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The aim of this study is to determine the solubility rate of tantalum contained in pyrochlore, columbite-tantalite and columbite in simulant lung fluid. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), in its recommendation for limiting intakes of radionuclide by workers, has consistently recognized that the biological behavior of any specific material after incorporation can significantly diverge from model prevision. Model parameters should be adjusted to adapt the model for each specific substance material in order to estimate the dose due to this element intake. The most recent ICRP publication 66, respiratory tract dosimetry model, point out that information as data like particle size, aerosols solubility and the material chemical compounds are important parameters in the dose coefficients calculation. This paper studies the solubility in Simulant Lung Fluid (SLF) of Ta present in mineral dust particles. For this study 3 minerals were selected: pyrochlore, columbite-tantalite and columbite. Tantalum dissolution in vitro samples were obtained using the Gamble solution and PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) as analytical technique. In order to characterize the worker exposure to Ta bearing particles, one Brazilian niobium mine was selected. The mineral dust particles were collected using a sixstage cascade impactor and the elemental mass concentrations and the MMAD (Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter) were determined. Concentrations of radionuclides from natural series of thorium and uranium were also determined. The results show that the workers are exposed to Ta bearing particles in the respirable fraction of aerosols (aerodynamic diameter (d aer ) <2.5 μm) during the mineral processing to obtain Fe-Nb alloy. The solubility in Simulant Lung Fluid (SLF) of Ta present in mineral dust particles depends on the mineral characteristics. The solubility half-time varies between 34 and 62 h depending on the associated mineral.

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Tantalum—processing, properties and applications

Cited by 64 publications

References 2 publications

Reduction of Tantalum Pentoxide Using Graphite and Tin-Oxide-Based Anodes via the FFC-Cambridge Process

Reduction of Tantalum Pentoxide Using Graphite and Tin-Oxide-Based Anodes via the FFC-Cambridge Process

The aqueous processing of minerals and materials

Tantalum Dissolution Rate in Simulant Lung Fluid

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