Systemic cyclosporine and corneal transplantation

Abstract

Corneal transplantation is the most commonly performed tissue transplant boasting over a century of history, science, and tradition. While favorable outcomes have been reported after penetrating keratoplasty, rejection remains a major cause of graft failure. The long-term survival rates of this relatively immunologically privileged tissue are only just comparable to those of vascularized organs. While corticosteroids treatment remains the gold standard for postoperative immunomodulation, other agents have been utilized in an ongoing effort to improve graft survival and patient outcomes. One of the most promising immunomodulatory substances whose immunosuppressive effect has revolutionized solid organ transplantation is cyclosporine (CsA). A calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporine has been used as an immunosuppressive agent in corneal transplantation since the 1980's. Although some studies have shown beneficial effects of cyclosporine in both low- and high-risk corneal transplant patients the use of cyclosporine in rejection prophylaxis and treatment remain controversial and disputable. We herein present a literature review on the role of systemic cyclosporine in corneal transplantation.

Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review

“…The emerging use of cyclosporine A has greatly improved the survival rates of patients and grafts after solid-organ transplantation. 72 Cyclosporine A is also used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Luo et al 73 had speculated that nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SARS-CoV played an important role in the process of virus particle assembly and release and it might also bind to human cyclophilin A. Cyclophilin A is a key member of immunophilins acting as a cellular receptor for cyclosporine A.…”

“…Cyclosporine A is a very important immunosuppressive drug and it has been widely used in transplantation. The emerging use of cyclosporine A has greatly improved the survival rates of patients and grafts after solid‐organ transplantation 72 . Cyclosporine A is also used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.…”

Cyclophilin J PPIase Inhibitors Derived from 2,3-Quinoxaline-6 Amine Exhibit Antitumor Activity

“…Cyclosporine A is a well-established potent inhibitor of cyclophilins that can also block the PPIase catalytic sites of CyPJ ( Chen et al, 2015 ). CsA has profound implications in immunosuppression for organ transplantation ( Colombo and Ammirati, 2011 ; Ziaei et al, 2016 ), however, as an antitumor agent, CsA may not be suitable due to potent side effects related to secondary skin cancers and other malignancies ( Behnam et al, 2005 ; Gallagher et al, 2010 ; Norman et al, 2010 ; Han et al, 2012 ; Muellenhoff and Koo, 2012 ). It is therefore necessary to identify novel small molecule antitumor compounds that target cyclophilins including CyPJ.…”

COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management

“…In transplantation of tissue, suppression of immune response is very important to grow acceptance to foreign tissue. Immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CYCP-A) can be used for this purpose and practically it can help patients to survive by inhibiting graft rejection (Ziaei et al, 2016). As an immunosuppressive agent, CYCP-A can be used in the treatment of the autoimmune disorder.…”