Systemic Condition, Periodontal Status, and Quality of Life in Obese Women During Pregnancy and After Delivery

Periodontal status, quality of life and newborns' health of pregnant women with arterial hypertension: A cohort study

“…There is controversy in the literature regarding the association of maternal hypertension, gestational excessive weight, maternal periodontitis, and newborn health. As mentioned, excessive maternal BMI is associated with a high prevalence of arterial hypertension, and studies show a positive association between excessive weight and periodontal impairment during pregnancy (Caracho, et al, 2020;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2020a;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2020b;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2021;Fusco, et al, 2019;Lee, et al, 2014;Jesuino, et al, 2020), and a positive association between obesity and birth of babies with macrosomia (Ijäs, et al, 2019). In contrast, there is scientific evidence that periodontitis during pregnancy is associated with premature rupture of membranes and, consequently, premature birth and child low birth weight (Manrique-Corredor, et al, 2019) due to periodontopathogenic bacteria that, when they fall into the bloodstream, can lodge in the placenta and cause impairment in the availability of nutrients to fetuses and cause a local inflammatory process that results in early contractions.…”

“…For sample size, the Hosmer and Lemeshow protocol for logistic regression analysis was considered, according to previous studies (Caracho, et al, 2020;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2020b). Moreover, according to previous evidences in the same field (Foratori-Junior, et al, 2020a;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2021;Fusco, et al, 2019;Jesuino, et al, 2020) the power test was calculated considering the difference between the mean of CAL of the groups during pregnancy of at least 10%, with a standard deviation of 10%. Based on the mean CAL and standard deviations of the two groups, an effect size of 0.81 was obtained, resulting in a power of 89% with the sample size used.…”

“…Previous studies have pointed out that hypertension in pregnancy is associated with excessive BMI, which in turn, negatively impacts women' periodontal condition because both the high hormonal levels of pregnancy and the inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue cause exacerbated inflammation in the periodontal tissues (Caracho, et al, 2020;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2020a;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2020b;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2021;Fusco, et al, 2019;Lee, et al, 2014;Jesuino, et al, 2020). In this study, the final logistic regression model revealed that high maternal BMI was associated with the presence of periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy (Table 2), pointing out that women with excessive BMI are 28% more likely to develop periodontitis.…”

“…Previous studies have highlighted the worst quality of life associated with periodontitis in women during pregnancy (Geevarghese, Baskaradoss & Sarma, 2017;Shah, Batra & Qureshi, 2017). More recently, Foratori-Junior et al (2021) showed that women with obesity present higher prevalence of hypertension and also a more negative impact on functional limitation, physical disability, and handicap (Foratori-Junior, et al, 2021). There is still a gap in the literature of prospective studies that sought to assess the periodontal condition and quality of life of women during pregnancy and after childbirth, taking into account the high prevalence of arterial hypertension.…”

“…The average between the two questions for each dimension was calculated. The total score (sum of the mean of all dimensions) ranged from 0 to 28, where the value of zero (0) was classified as "without impact of oral condition on quality of life"; 0 <OHIP-14 ≤ 9 was classified as "low impact"; 9 <OHIP-14 ≤ 18 was classified as "medium impact"; and 18 <OHIP-14 ≤ 28 was classified as "strong impact" (Caracho, et al, 2020;Foratori-Junior, et al, 2021).…”