Systematic review: entrepreneurship in conflict and post conflict

Abstract

Purpose Conflict environments are under researchers’ scope in many disciplines at micro and macro levels. This paper aims to steer towards finding out how literature addresses entrepreneurship in conflict contexts. In addition, this paper tries to ascertain the theoretical bases and main themes and issues that have been studied in this area, to map the current knowledge in a clear frame as an attempt to highlight gaps and weaknesses in relevant literature. Design/methodology/approach Review entrepreneurship, conflict and post-conflict literature including the terminologies, theories, methodologies are the main themes. The primary sources of data are research articles that were published in scholarly journals and written in English. The paper includes, in the final list of reviewed articles, 57 articles. Findings The review reveals three main themes of the special definition of entrepreneurship in conflict areas. Many gaps remain, despite the growing interests. More involvement in collecting data directly from the area under conflict is required instead of the heavy dependency on secondary data. In addition, destructive business and conflict consequences have promising research issues to be discovered more in single places or collectively for broader comprehensiveness. These findings may assist researchers, policymakers and international bodies to approach the current literature and build farther on it. Originality/value This paper attempts to provide a mapping of literature that focuses on how entrepreneurship in conflict and post-conflict could differ or be similar to stable contexts. The findings advance motivation for future empirical studies to encompass issues and development of entrepreneurship orientation, taxonomies and impacts in conflict and post-conflict contexts.

Between Handholding and Hand-held Devices: Marketing Through Smartphone Innovation and Women’s Entrepreneurship in Post Conflict Economies in Times of Crisis

“…Furthermore, the study has implications for a range of stakeholders including policymakers, mobile companies, mobile application developers, banks and financial institutions in post-conflict economies. Hence, our study advances the views expressed by scholars who emphasised the need to study entrepreneurship in post conflict economies (e.g., Aldairany et al, 2018 ; Brück et al, 2013 ). This is the first study to provide a holistic synthesis of the challenges facing women entrepreneurs in a country of high risk of instability and a post conflict economy (i.e., Iraq).…”

“…Therefore, further investigation into Iraq’s local markets and national economy are critical to better understand how entrepreneurship will play a role in the country’s recovery (Brück et al, 2013 ). Furthermore, employing qualitative methods (e.g., interviews or case studies) could play a substantial role in understanding entrepreneurship in regions like Iraq (Aldairany et al, 2018 ). Conducting semi-structured interviews can provide a higher level of generalisability of the results in comparison to case studies.…”

COVID‐19 impediments and business start‐ups in Pakistan: Evidence from the second wave of the pandemic

“…Some entrepreneurs have had to momentarily close their businesses due to government restrictions. In the pandemic situation, entrepreneurial activities may have experienced disruption in relation to decision making (Chell, 2013;Kuckertz et al, 2020;Turner & Akinremi, 2020); communication and conflict management (Aldairany et al, 2018); and well-being and entrepreneurial output (Stephan, 2018;Wach et al, 2016). We conducted the F I G U R E 1 Conceptual model of the study online survey complying with the social distancing policy of the government of Pakistan.…”

Intellectual capital and resilience in torn societies

“…It is known that a torn society is not a supportive environment for doing business since it leads to higher business costs (Williams and Vorley, 2017). According to a systematic review done using studies in uncertain environments, Aldairany et al (2018) concluded that these challenges mainly include lack of skilled and experienced human capital, absence of training, weak infrastructure and transportation, weak government support, unstable regulations, weak law and protection, poor financial systems and support, poor access to funds, markets, and networks and high levels of corruption. Moreover, MSMEs in torn societies face political instability (Desai, 2011; Khalique, Isa and Shaari, 2011; Muhammad et al , 2016; Williams and Vorley, 2017).…”