Purpose Conflict environments are under researchers’ scope in many disciplines at micro and macro levels. This paper aims to steer towards finding out how literature addresses entrepreneurship in conflict contexts. In addition, this paper tries to ascertain the theoretical bases and main themes and issues that have been studied in this area, to map the current knowledge in a clear frame as an attempt to highlight gaps and weaknesses in relevant literature. Design/methodology/approach Review entrepreneurship, conflict and post-conflict literature including the terminologies, theories, methodologies are the main themes. The primary sources of data are research articles that were published in scholarly journals and written in English. The paper includes, in the final list of reviewed articles, 57 articles. Findings The review reveals three main themes of the special definition of entrepreneurship in conflict areas. Many gaps remain, despite the growing interests. More involvement in collecting data directly from the area under conflict is required instead of the heavy dependency on secondary data. In addition, destructive business and conflict consequences have promising research issues to be discovered more in single places or collectively for broader comprehensiveness. These findings may assist researchers, policymakers and international bodies to approach the current literature and build farther on it. Originality/value This paper attempts to provide a mapping of literature that focuses on how entrepreneurship in conflict and post-conflict could differ or be similar to stable contexts. The findings advance motivation for future empirical studies to encompass issues and development of entrepreneurship orientation, taxonomies and impacts in conflict and post-conflict contexts.
Pro-social behaviour and philanthropy are critical traits to act in a responsible manner towards society and environment through providing money, time and efforts. Most studies have focused on stable locations. However, conflict may still appear as potential places for such behaviour. This chapter raises three major inquiries: Do individuals and corporates perform pro-social behaviour in conflict context? If so, how do they perform such behaviour? How does literature approach specifically consumer pro-social behaviour in conflict and post-conflict locations. This chapter tries to conceptually review recent literature of pro-social practices in conflict contexts. The chapter reveals that no absolute positive impact relating to violence and conflict on pro-social behaviour. The majority of evidence supports the idea that pro-sociality increases during times of war. People exposed to direct violence may participate more in social activities, with early development of environmental and consumer issues. Moreover, entrepreneurship is found to have similar implications on the war-torn society.
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