Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using peels of Passiflora foetida and study of its activity as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of hazardous organic dye

Abstract

Creating a sustainable and effective approach to handling organic contaminants from industrial waste is an ongoing problem. In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized under a controlled ultrasound cavitation technique using the extract of Passiflora foetida fruit peels, which act as a reducing (i.e., reduction of metal salt) and stabilizing agent. The formation of monodispersed and hexagonal morphology (average size approximately 58 nm with BET surface area 30.83m2/g). The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by a various technique such as UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further, the XRD pattern confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of synthesized ZnONPs. The ZnO NPs exhibit excellent degradation efficiency towards organic pollutant dyes, i.e., Methylene blue (MB) (93.25% removal) and Rhodamine B (91.06% removal) in 70 min, under natural sunlight with apparent rate constant 0.0337 min−1 (R2 = 0.9749) and 0.0347 min−1 (R2 = 0.9026) respectively.Zeta potential study shows the presence of a negative charge on the surface of ZnO NPs. The use of green synthesized ZnO NPs is a good choice for wastewater treatment, given their high reusability and photocatalytic efficiency, along with adaptability to green synthesis.

Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Different Plants’ Parts for Antimicrobial Activity and Anticancer Activity: A Review Article

“…Khan, Mujahid, et al reported the synthesis of hexagonal ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 58 nm using an aqueous extract of Passiflora foetida fruit peels. Passiflora foetidabased ZnO nanoparticles showed remarkable efficiency toward Rhodamine B and MB dye (91.06%) and MB dye (93.25%), respectively [117]. Aqueous fruit extracts of Myristica fragrans were used to prepare elliptical-and spherical-shaped ZnO nanoparticles with a mean size of 41.23 nm and tested against E. coli (ZOI = 15 ± 1.54 mm), K. pneumoniae (ZOI = 27 ± 1.73 mm), P. aeruginosa (ZOI = 17 ± 1.66 mm), and S. aureus (ZOI = 21 ± mm).…”

Green-based Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Clitoria ternatea Flower Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity

“…5(b), showed ZnO NPs indicates the negative zeta potential value of -14.5 mV. The larger particle size and lower value of zeta potential further confirmed that the particles were agglomerate as a result of the electrostatic forces, weak van der Waalsinteraction and primary particles held by very strong chemical bonds [25,29].…”

“…The peak at 2978 cm -1 is attributed to the aliphatic C-H groups. A strong absorbance observed at 1635 cm -1 indicates the aromatic bending of C=C and C=O bonds present in the aromatic ring of the phenolic compounds [25]. The smaller peaks observed at 555 and 478 cm -1 are also assigned to the aromatic bending vibration of C-H groups.…”

“…where K is the Scherrer constant that takes the value 0.9, λ is the X-ray wavelength, β is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak and θ is the diffraction angle. The XRD pattern showed an average crystallite size of 18 nm [25].…”

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for Effective Degradation of Dye, Polyethylene and Antibacterial Performance in Waste Water Treatment

“…Absorption peak centered at 660, 543 and 570 nm for all Rh-B, MB, and nigrosin dye in the visible region was diminished and eventually disappeared with the increasing reaction time. ZnO NPs promote the adsorption process when nanoparticles attach to the dye slowly degrade the structure of the dye [55]. Synthesized polydopamine coated silver nanoparticles dispersed into hydrated silica released catalyst against 4-nitophenol reduced congo red degradation and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) [56].…”