Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Different Plants’ Parts for Antimicrobial Activity and Anticancer Activity: A Review Article

Abstract

Nanotechnology emerged as a scientific innovation in the 21st century. Metallic nanoparticles (metal or metal oxide nanoparticles) have attained remarkable popularity due to their interesting biological, physical, chemical, magnetic, and optical properties. Metal-based nanoparticles can be prepared by utilizing different biological, physical, and chemical methods. The biological method is preferred as it provides a green, simple, facile, ecofriendly, rapid, and cost-effective route for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Plants have complex phytochemical constituents such as carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and proteins, which can behave as reducing and stabilizing agents. However, the mechanism of green synthesis by using plants is still highly debatable. In this report, we summarized basic principles or mechanisms of green synthesis especially for metal or metal oxide (i.e., ZnO, Au, Ag, and TiO2, Fe, Fe2O3, Cu, CuO, Co) nanoparticles. Finally, we explored the medical applications of plant-based nanoparticles in terms of antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activity.

Green synthesis of ZnO dopped Piper chaudocanum leaf extract by co-precipitation method: characterization, antibacterial and anticancer activity

“…enhance the antibacterial activity [40]. These values were comparable to the ZnO NPs synthesized using other plant leaf extracts with antibacterial effects such as P. betle (3 mm for S. aureus) [42], P. nigrum (27.6 mm for S. aureus) [28], Becium grandi orum (7 mm and 11 mm for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) [43] and Arthrospira platensis (21.1 mm and 19.1 mm against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively [44]). The result indicates that the ZnO NPs synthesized using P. chaudocanum extract could be a potential candidate for antibacterial drugs.…”

Multifunctional Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications

“…The formed nanoparticles were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min and filtrated using filter paper (Whatman No 1). The filtrate was washed 3 times using deionized water and collected in a ceramic crucible, then calcined in a muffle oven for 2 h at 400 • C and stored for further use at 4 • C [84].…”

A Review Article: Green Synthesis by using Different Plants to preparation Oxide Nanoparticles

“…Change (light-green to black) is the first indicator of the biosynthesis of titanium oxide, as indicated in shape 3, [63]. Plant phytochemicals (phenol, amino acid, carbohydrate, and flavonoid) influence titanium oxide nanoparticle manufacturing through stabilization and reduction the creation of titanium oxide nanoparticles among plants extracts [64], as indicated in Table 3.…”