Green-based Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Clitoria ternatea Flower Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

The present study reports the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Clitoria ternatea flower extract and examination of their antibacterial activity. The change in color of the reaction mixture from violet to yellow colour indicated the formation of ZnO NPs. The formation of ZnO NPs was confirmed by the appearance of a maximum absorption peak at 381 nm in the UVvisible spectrum. The XRD pattern corresponding with the JCPDS card for ZnO showed the presence of purecrystalline ZnO NPs. FTIR spectra confirmed the stretching vibrations of C=O, C-O-H, and O-H groups involved in the reduction of ZnO NPs. The size and morphology of the ZnO NPs were confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Further particle size was determined by using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs showed significant inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Green Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Mediated Musa Acuminata: A study of Their Applications as Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Agent

“…8. Agglomeration is determined by sample preparation, electrostatic field interaction and hydrophobic magnetism which is further exhibited by HRTEM studies [26]. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectrum analysis clearly confirms the presence of strong peaks of Fe and O elements (Fig.…”

“…The antibacterial activity of the green synthesized α-Fe 2 O 3 NPs was evaluated against two bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus by well diffusion method [26]. Bacterial colonies were swabbed in sterile cotton swabs into Muller Hinton agar plates, which were then allowed to dry for 15 min before placing samples on the plates.…”

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles for Efficient Cr(VI) Removal and Antioxidant/Microbial Properties

“…Following the adsorption of Cr 6+ , changes in the FTIR spectra were observed at 3292, 2096, 1633, 1504, 1382, 1118, 1068, 948, and 668 cm −1 . The peak at 2945 cm −1 is attributed to aliphatic C−H groups responsible for proteins [27,62] . Asymmetric and symmetric stretching of C∼O was assigned to the two peaks around 1594 cm −1 and 1414 cm −1 [63] .…”

“…The peak at 2945 cm À 1 is attributed to aliphatic CÀ H groups responsible for proteins. [27,62] Asymmetric and symmetric stretching of C ~O was assigned to the two peaks around 1594 cm À 1 and 1414 cm À 1 . [63] The bands between 1000 and 1300 cm À 1 correspond to CÀ O stretching of esters and carboxylic functional groups.…”

Structural, spectroscopic and morphology studies on green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles

“…Longipinnatus (66 nm) [18], Olea europaea (40-124 nm) [19], Deverra tortuosa (9-31 nm) [20], Mangifera indica (23 ± 9 nm) [21], Annona muricata (17 ± 4 nm) [21], Laurus nobilis L. (21.49, 25.26 nm) [22], Phoenix dactylifera L. (19.77−26.28 nm) [23], A. lanza (29 −37 nm) [24], Pandanus odorifer (90 nm) [25], Azadirachta indica (50 nm) [26]. However, there are only few reports of green synthesis of hexagonal wurtzite type ZnO NPs using flower extracts having particle size below 100 nm (to the best of our knowledge), such as Clitoria ternatea (18 nm) [27], Crocus sativus (23 nm) [28], Brassica oleracea italica (14 nm) [29], Hibiscus sabdariffa (8 − 30 nm) [30], Nyctanthes arbortristis (12 − 32 nm) [31], Jacaranda mimosifolia (2 − 4 nm) [32], Trifolium pratense (60−70 nm) [33] and Bougainvillea (40 nm) [34].…”