Synthesis of LiNi0.85Co0.14Al0.01O2 Cathode Material and its Performance in an NCA/Graphite Full-Battery

Abstract

Nickel-rich cathode material, NCA (85:14:1), is successfully synthesized using two different, simple and economical batch methods, i.e., hydroxide co-precipitation (NCA-CP) and the hydroxides solid state reaction method (NCA-SS), followed by heat treatments. Based on the FTIR spectra, all precursor samples exhibit two functional groups of hydroxide and carbonate. The XRD patterns of NCA-CP and NCA-SS show a hexagonal layered structure (space group: R_3m), with no impurities detected. Based on the SEM images, the micro-sized particles exhibit a sphere-like shape with aggregates. The electrochemical performances of the samples were tested in a 18650-type full-cell battery using artificial graphite as the counter anode at the voltage range of 2.7–4.25 V. All samples have similar characteristics and electrochemical performances that are comparable to the commercial NCA battery, despite going through different synthesis routes. In conclusion, the overall results are considered good and have the potential to be adapted for commercialization.

A Fast Metals Recovery Method for the Synthesis of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide Material from Cathode Waste

“…This may be caused by the difficult precipitation of Al(OH)3, which is confirmed by the Ksp data. This situation could inhibit the particle growth and spherical particle formation [58,63] which is responsible for the formation of aggregates. The morphology of the RNCA samples was studied using SEM.…”

High-Rate Layered Cathode of Lithium-Ion Batteries through Regulating Three-Dimensional Agglomerated Structure

“…Therefore, the LNCM has achieved much attention for further improving electrochemical performance [11][12][13]. Its intrinsic thermodynamic property can be controlled by adjusting transition metal element ratio that the nickel, manganese and cobalt ion (Ni 2+ , Ni 3+ , Mn 4+ , Co 3+ ) are both occupied on the transition metal sites [14][15][16]. As found in previous research, the manganese element can enhance thermo-safety but has no electrochemical activity; the cobalt element can stabilize the layered structure and the nickel element mainly contributes to the specific capacity [17][18][19].…”

“…For example, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM 811) cathode has a high nickel content, which can obtain a practical discharge capacity of 200 mAh•g −1 . But the unstable structure and strong side reactions with electrolyte easily results in a poor cycle performance and a hidden danger for NCM 811 [15,23]. As manganese is much cheaper than cobalt, the Li-rich manganese-based cathode materials of xLi 2 MnO 3 •(1-x)LiMO 2 with high energy density were proposed.…”

A Model to Improve the Implementation Standards of Street Lighting Based on Solar Energy: A Case Study

“…This analysis practically estimates the beneficial value of a particular project relative to the investment cost, and this is required for longperiod assessments. In other words, it is urgent that any cost and benefit gained from the project are evaluated and analyzed from many relevant points of view [48].…”

“…Based on field study information conducted by Mardikaningsih et al [45][46][47] at Nipress, a company that uses lithium batteries for energy storage, and based on other previous research [48], the general specifications for solar-based street lighting batteries are as follows:…”