Synthesis and characterization of novel donor–acceptor type neutral green electrochromic polymers containing an indolo[3,2-b]carbazole donor and diketopyrrolopyrrole acceptor

Abstract

Two novel neutral green D–A type conjugated polymers were synthesized, illustrating satisfactory electrochromic properties, such as low band gaps, desirable color switches, excellent solubility and favorable thermal stability.

Electrosynthesis of Electrochromic Polymer Membranes Based on 3,6-Di(2-thienyl)carbazole and Thiophene Derivatives

“…The Δ T of 2,2′-bithiophene- and 2-(2-thienyl)furan-based copolymers (P(DTC- co -BTP), P(DTC- co -BTP2), P(DTC- co -TF), and P(DTC- co -TF2)) were higher than that of PDTC in 0.2 M LiClO 4 /ACN, inferring that copolymers containing 2,2′-bithiophene or 2-(2-thienyl)furan groups increased Δ T significantly. Moreover, the Δ T of P(DTC- co -BTP2) was higher than those reported for P(PtCz- co -BTP2) [ 35 ], PITID-2 [ 36 ], P(HoT-BSe-OF) [ 37 ], PDTCZ-2 [ 38 ], and PI-6D [ 39 ] ( Table 4 ). The bleaching response time ( τ b ) and coloring response time ( τ c ) needed to reach 90% of the maximum transmittance change were determined to be 0.9–3.1 s for these polymers.…”

“…P(DTC-co-BTP2) shows higher η than that of P(HoT-BSe-OF) [37]. However, P(DTC-co-BTP2) shows a lower η than those of PITID-2 [36], PDTCZ-2 [38], and PI-6D [39] (Table 4). Figure 7 showed the absorption spectra of PDTC/PEDOT-PSS, P(DTC-co-BTP)/PEDOT-PSS, P(DTC-co-BTP2)/PEDOT-PSS, P(DTC-co-TF)/PEDOT-PSS, and P(DTC-co-TF2)/PEDOT-PSS ECDs at assorted potentials.…”

Side chain functional carbazole‐fluorene electroactive polymers: Optical, electrochemical properties, antimicrobial activity and thin film morphologies

“…According to the thermal analysis results of MP25 , it was observed that the first degradation started at 382°C and a total mass loss of 36% until 488°C. This loss of mass may result from the removal of alkyl chains in the polymer side group 29 . Besides, it preserves 63% of its mass at 700°C.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel D-A Type Neutral Blue Electrochromic Polymers Containing Pyrrole[3-c]Pyrrole-1,4-Diketone as the Acceptor Units and the Aromatics Donor Units with Different Planar Structures

“…The addition of benzene and thiophene rings as the substitutions on the 3,6-position of the thieno [3,2-b]thiophene core improved the optical contrasts and stability, and concluded that different substitution units could be a subtle modification method for electrochromic behaviors [9]. Our group synthesized some satisfactory electrochromic materials, such as a neutral green polymer containing indolo [3,2-b]carbazole donor and diketopyrrolopyrrole acceptor [15], and red color material based on benzotriazole, quinoxaline, and benzene units [25]. Despite great efforts having been devoted to the study of multicolor copolymers, the numbers of high-performance blue color materials that are suitable for additive primary colors (RGB) are rare.…”

“…It is well known that the exploration of novel high-performance electrochromic materials and multicolor changes are still the significant targets of scientists in the fields of electrochromic applications. Up to now, there have been several strategies to adjust the polymer colors, such as the increase of conjugated chain or alkyl chain [15], steric-hindrance effect [16], and donor-acceptor (D-A) [17] approach, among them, and the D-A approach is the most satisfactory and effective method for obtaining low band gap polymers. The polymers of the donor-acceptor (D-A) structure can modify the band gap effectively, relying on the structure resonance and intramolecular charge transfer [18].…”