Electrosynthesis of Electrochromic Polymer Membranes Based on 3,6-Di(2-thienyl)carbazole and Thiophene Derivatives

Abstract

Five carbazole-containing polymeric membranes (PDTC, P(DTC-co-BTP), P(DTC-co-BTP2), P(DTC-co-TF), and P(DTC-co-TF2)) were electrodeposited on transparent conductive electrodes. P(DTC-co-BTP2) shows a high ΔT (68.4%) at 855 nm. The multichromic properties of P(DTC-co-TF2) membrane range between dark yellow, yellowish-green, gunmetal gray, and dark gray in various reduced and oxidized states. Polymer-based organic electrochromic devices are assembled using 2,2′-bithiophene- and 2-(2-thienyl)furan-based copolymers as anodic membranes, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT-PSS) as the cathodic membrane. P(DTC-co-TF)/PEDOT-PSS electrochromic device (ECD) displays a high transmittance change (ΔT%) (43.4%) at 627 nm as well as a rapid switching time (less than 0.6 s) from a colored to a bleached state. Moreover, P(DTC-co-TF2)/PEDOT-PSS ECD shows satisfactory optical memory (the transmittance change is less than 2.9% in the colored state) and high coloration efficiency (512.6 cm2 C−1) at 627 nm.

1,4-Bis((9H-Carbazol-9-yl)Methyl)Benzene-Containing Electrochromic Polymers as Potential Electrodes for High-Contrast Electrochromic Devices

“…P(bCmB- co -bTP) displayed a higher Δ T than PBCPO [ 37 ], PMCP [ 38 ], PDCP [ 39 ], and PDTCZ-2 [ 41 ]. However, the Δ T of P(bCmB- co -bTP) was smaller than P(DTC- co -BTP2) [ 42 ].…”

Electrochromic Insight on Electro‐Deposited Copolymers of Push‐Pull Conjugated Systems with 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and Other Conjugated Units

“…In another study, two bithiophene-based and two 2-(2thienyl) furan-based copolymers of dithienyl carbazole (43) with monomer feed ratios of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (monomer : bithiophene or monomer : thienylfuran) were synthesized (Scheme 12). [93] Unfortunately, all copolymers exhibited very similar optical properties to dithienyl carbazole homopolymer, even as increasing the bithiophene or thienylfuran feed ratio (No table data included). Same group in [93] used 9,9'-(5-bromo-1,3phenylene)biscarbazole (44) for electro-copolymerization using bithiopnene, 4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b : 5,4-b']dithiophene (CDT) and cyclopentadithiophene ketone (CDTK) as the co-monomers (Scheme 12).…”

“…[93] Unfortunately, all copolymers exhibited very similar optical properties to dithienyl carbazole homopolymer, even as increasing the bithiophene or thienylfuran feed ratio (No table data included). Same group in [93] used 9,9'-(5-bromo-1,3phenylene)biscarbazole (44) for electro-copolymerization using bithiopnene, 4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b : 5,4-b']dithiophene (CDT) and cyclopentadithiophene ketone (CDTK) as the co-monomers (Scheme 12). [94] 1 : 1 monomer feed ratio was used in three copolymerizations.…”

Electrochromic properties of pyrene conductive polymers modified by chemical polymerization

“…The polymer lm coated on ITO as the working electrode, Pt as the counter electrode and Ag/AgCl and saturated potassium chloride solution as the reference electrode constituted a classical threeelectrode system. The electrochemical stability of the polymer lms was also studied for 500 cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV s À1 and a voltage of 0-2.0 V. The thiophene and class EDOT conductive polymers have stable electrochromic properties, but the redox of their cyclic voltammogram is not apparent [47][48][49] according to the relevant literature. As shown in Fig.…”