Synthesis and characterization of nanocellulose reinforced full-interpenetrating polymer network based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylamide (both crosslinked) composite films

Abstract

An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) is a novel blend of two polymers at least one of which is synthesized or crosslinked in the immediate presence of the other so that there is the least possibility of any gross phase separation. Full-IPNs, prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylamide, have shown superior performances over the conventional individual polymers. The ranges of applications have grown rapidly for such class of materials. Cellulose nanoparticles extracted from sugarcane bagasse in-house are used to reinforce this PVA/PAAm (80:20) full-IPN in different proportions during the synthesis of IPN. The characteristics of this new series of IPN composite materials have been evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, mechanical, thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), and scanning electron microscopy techniques. A loading of 5 wt% of nanocellulose lead to the highest tensile strength amongst the different IPN composite films. Although the non-reinforced full-IPN and the various reinforced composites with nanocelluloses are almost identical in their thermal stability, they prove to be much superior compared to the neat polymers.

Commercial application of cellulose nano-composites – A review

“…Nanocellulose having some unique properties like high surface area to volume ratio, high strength and modifiable surface chemistry, have find applications in biomedical fields also. The most potent application is to develop nanocellulose reinforced hydrogel composites which can enhance the mechanical properties in polymeric gel formulations and having the desirable properties of both reinforcement phase and host matrix phase [70,84]. Recently, Sampath et al [85] reported developing a novel hydrogel with semi-interpenetrating polymer network having improved pH sensitivity and mechanical properties to be used for novel pharmaceutical and gene delivery applications.…”

Synergistic effect of hybrid hydroxylated boron nitride and cellulose nanocrystals for enhancing the thermal, mechanical, and hydrophobic properties of composite film

“…[ 46 ] Mandal et al prepared a composite film of nanocellulose/PVA/polyacrylamide hybrid structure to improve the thermal stability of the film. [ 47 ] Wang et al [ 48 ] and Xu et al [ 49 ] prepared BN and cellulose‐based thermally conductive bio‐based composites for higher thermal conductivity applications. Arslan et al [ 50 ] and O'Donnell et al [ 51 ] reviewed the nanocellulose based polymer composite for packaging application.…”

“…[43][44][45] CF reinforced polymer composite has recently received much attention due to the enormous attributes that make it suitable for a wide range of prospective applications. [42] Zhang et al [46] and Mandal et al [47] used bio-waste to extract nanocellulose and to prepare PVA-based hybrid composite films. Zhang et al produced nanocellulose/PVA composite films by the solution casting method for high-transmittance membranes application.…”

Preparation of high water-absorbing hydrogel based on grafted micro/nano cellulose

“…The adsorption of some toxic metal ions in aqueous solution and improvement of chemical stability has also been developed (Kumar et al 2020). In addition, comprehensive ability of water absorbent hydrogel has been further studied by Mandal and Chakrabarty (2017).…”