Commercial application of cellulose nano-composites – A review

Sharma, Amita; Thakur, Manisha; Bhattacharya, Munna; Mandal, Tamal; Goswami, Saswata

doi:10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00316

Cited by 500 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…In addition, they are very good raw material for several industrial processes due to their lignocellulosic composition. For example, carbon fibers from lignin, cellulose whiskers, bioethanol from cellulose, and hemicellulose can be obtained [50]. Likewise, their high volatile matter and low ashes content make them ideal for gasification processes; however, only U. europaeus is ideal for activated carbon obtention due to its fixed carbon content [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Analysis and Essential Oils Extraction of the Gorse (Ulex europaeus) and French Broom (Genista monspessulana), Two Highly Invasive Species in the Colombian Andes

2019

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Gorse (Ulex europaeus) and French broom (Genista monspessulana) are two highly invasive species that have become a threat to tropical countries, especially in Andean ecosystems. This research focused on providing a physicochemical characterization and essential oils extraction of both species to better understand their potential valorization and guide further environmental management efforts. For this purpose, the following analyses were conducted for both species: higher heat value (HHV), elemental analysis, proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis to obtain constituent natural polymers (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin), and extraction of essential oils and other interest chemical compounds through supercritical fluids. Ecological closeness was found between the two species mostly regarding HHV, fixed carbon, and volatile matter, which calls for similar potential uses. Both species were also found to be suitable for combustion processes, gasification, extraction of chemical compounds, and use of lignocellulosic content; however, only U. europaeus appeared suitable for activated carbon obtention. Therefore, this work provided relevant data that can be used as preliminary basis to establish strong scientifically-based management and control strategies for these two invasive species. We recommend focusing primarily on thermal processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, or combustion, and also essential oils extractions of acetic acid, dodecanoic acid, anagyrine, amylene hydrate, caulophylline, and maltol in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Analysis and Essential Oils Extraction of the Gorse (Ulex europaeus) and French Broom (Genista monspessulana), Two Highly Invasive Species in the Colombian Andes

2019

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“…Carbohydrate scaffolds such as chitosan, cellulose, agar‐agar and alginates, and derivatives thereof, are industrially employed immobilization matrices for enzymes and peptides anchored at high surface densities (Amalraj, Gopi, Thomas, & Haponiuk, ; Bilal & Iqbal, ; Seabra, Bernardes, Fávaro, Paula, & Durán, ; Zdarta, Meyer, Jesionowski, & Pinelo, ). Among those, especially cellulose nanocrystal formulations are being tested for multifunctional layouts, for instance in biomedical and nutraceutical products (Amalraj et al, ; Seabra et al, ; Sharma, Thakur, Bhattacharya, Mandal, & Goswami, ). For installing spatially and stoichiometrically well‐defined biomolecule ensembles (“modules” in Figure ) on predictably shaped nanocarriers, however, protein and nucleic acid biopolymers offer important additional degrees of freedom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From stars to stripes: RNA‐directed shaping of plant viral protein templates—structural synthetic virology for smart biohybrid nanostructures

Wege

Koch

2019

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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The self‐assembly of viral building blocks bears exciting prospects for fabricating new types of bionanoparticles with multivalent protein shells. These enable a spatially controlled immobilization of functionalities at highest surface densities—an increasing demand worldwide for applications from vaccination to tissue engineering, biocatalysis, and sensing. Certain plant viruses hold particular promise because they are sustainably available, biodegradable, nonpathogenic for mammals, and amenable to in vitro self‐organization of virus‐like particles. This offers great opportunities for their redesign into novel “green” carrier systems by spatial and structural synthetic biology approaches, as worked out here for the robust nanotubular tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as prime example. Natural TMV of 300 x 18 nm is built from more than 2,100 identical coat proteins (CPs) helically arranged around a 6,395 nucleotides ssRNA. In vitro, TMV‐like particles (TLPs) may self‐assemble also from modified CPs and RNAs if the latter contain an Origin of Assembly structure, which initiates a bidirectional encapsidation. By way of tailored RNA, the process can be reprogrammed to yield uncommon shapes such as branched nanoobjects. The nonsymmetric mechanism also proceeds on 3'‐terminally immobilized RNA and can integrate distinct CP types in blends or serially. Other emerging plant virus‐deduced systems include the usually isometric cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) with further strikingly altered structures up to “cherrybombs” with protruding nucleic acids. Cartoon strips and pictorial descriptions of major RNA‐based strategies induct the reader into a rare field of nanoconstruction that can give rise to utile soft‐matter architectures for complex tasks. This article is categorized under: Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures

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“…In this review, various applications of plants used as bioresources are discussed, providing valuable raw materials used as additives in polymeric matrices, such as lignocellulosic fibers [69] and nano-cellulose [70], as well as plant extracts containing bioactive phenolic compounds [42] used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [71]. The increasing environmental concerns draw attention on their use as active compounds, instead of synthetic ones.…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Materials and Plant Extracts In Polymeric Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanocellulose fibrils, which are the building blocks of plant cell [95] walls and give plants and trees their structural strength and stiffness, are a very interesting and well-studied nanoscale natural material that can potentially improve the properties of the polymers [96]. Many studies have already reported on use of nanocellulose in different forms for composite applications [70]. Cellulose nanomaterials are considered as a suitable solution to replace commonly used inorganic nanofillers [97] because they are widely available, renewable, and biodegradable [96].…”

Section: Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Additives in Food Packaging Polymeric Materials

Munteanu

Vasile

2019

Polymers

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Plants are the most abundant bioresources, providing valuable materials that can be used as additives in polymeric materials, such as lignocellulosic fibers, nano-cellulose, or lignin, as well as plant extracts containing bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds used in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. The incorporation of additives into polymeric materials improves their properties to make them suitable for multiple applications. Efforts are made to incorporate into the raw polymers various natural biobased and biodegradable additives with a low environmental fingerprint, such as by-products, biomass, plant extracts, etc. In this review we will illustrate in the first part recent examples of lignocellulosic materials, lignin, and nano-cellulose as reinforcements or fillers in various polymer matrices and in the second part various applications of plant extracts as active ingredients in food packaging materials based on polysaccharide matrices (chitosan/starch/alginate).In this review various recent applications of plant-based additives (lignocellulosic fibers/nano-cellulose as well as bioactive plant extracts) as reinforcements and active ingredients in food packaging materials are illustrated. Natural polysaccharide biopolymers (such as chitosan/starch/alginate) are nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and largely used in food packaging: Chitosan is known for its broad antimicrobial activity and its excellent film-forming properties; alginates have good film-forming properties, retain moisture, reduce microbial counts, and retard oxidative off-flavors; and starch is also particularly important for its cheap price and its frequency in nature. For these reasons, this review will present applications of plant extracts as active ingredients in natural polysaccharide biopolymers: chitosan/starch/alginate. Classification of Natural Biodegradable Polymers and AdditivesNatural biodegradable polymers and additives are polymers formed naturally by the living organisms by enzyme-catalyzed reactions and reactions of chain growth from monomers which are formed inside the cells by complex metabolic processes [5].Natural additives can be high molecular weight (natural polymers), such as proteins (collagen, silk, and keratin), carbohydrates (starch and glycogen), lignin, cellulose, high molecular weight phenolics (tannins and derivatives), and low molecular weight active substances, such as cold-pressed oils, essential oils (organic volatile compounds, generally of low molecular weight,

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Commercial application of cellulose nano-composites – A review

Abstract: Highlights Extraction methods of nanocellulose. Surface modification of cellulose fibers. Cellulose nanofiber-reinforced nanocomposite processing and applications. Scaling up Nanocellulose Production technology. Latest patents trends on cellulose nanocomposites.

Cited by 500 publications

References 102 publications

Physicochemical Analysis and Essential Oils Extraction of the Gorse (Ulex europaeus) and French Broom (Genista monspessulana), Two Highly Invasive Species in the Colombian Andes

Physicochemical Analysis and Essential Oils Extraction of the Gorse (Ulex europaeus) and French Broom (Genista monspessulana), Two Highly Invasive Species in the Colombian Andes

From stars to stripes: RNA‐directed shaping of plant viral protein templates—structural synthetic virology for smart biohybrid nanostructures

Vegetable Additives in Food Packaging Polymeric Materials

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