In this study, two types of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) flame retardant composites, CFRP@MatEG‐GF and CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW (EG, GF, and MW are the acronyms of expandable graphite, glass fiber and mineral wool, respectively), were prepared via compression molding, with expandable graphite‐based mat incorporated at the surface of the CFRP. The results showed that compared with the control CFRP, both CFRP@MatEG‐GF and CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW passed vertical burner test and 45° burner test according to FAR25.853. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of both CFRP@MatEG‐GF and CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW were increased, and the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced. Besides, CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW had higher flame retardancy than CFRP@MatEG‐GF. This was attributed to the formation of a more stable and dense carbon layer structure. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength of CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW was higher than that of CFRP@MatEG‐GF. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47801.