Effect of Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Organophosphorus Oligomer on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties and Fire Safety of Polystyrene

Abstract

A novel organophosphorus oligomer was synthesized to functionalize graphene oxide. Subsequently, the functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was incorporated into polystyrene (PS) to enhance the integration properties of the matrix. The effect of FGO on the thermal properties, fire safety, and mechanical properties of PS nanocomposites was investigated. The results showed that the introduction of FGO significantly increased the maximum decomposition temperature (T max ) (25°C increase), reduced the total heat release (20.8% reduction), and peak heat release rate (38.2% reduction) of PS. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry analysis results indicated that the amount of organic volatiles and toxic carbon monoxide of PS was remarkably reduced. The physical barrier effect of FGO and the synergistic effects between the organophosphorus oligomer and FGO were the main causations for these properties improvements. Homogeneous dispersion of FGO into the polymer matrix improved the mechanical properties of FGO/PS nanocomposites, as demonstrated by tensile tests results.

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

“…They are formed from substances that can be covalently bonded to graphene, such as hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) [75], phenyl dichlorophosphate (PDCP) [76], hyperbranched cyclotriphosphazene polymer [77,78], organophosphorus oligomer [79], N-aminoethyl piperazine [80], silicon-phosphorus oligomer [81], phenyl-bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) phosphamide [82], ionic liquidcontaining phosphonium [83] and 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (PEPA) [84]. Bao et al [75] made use of in situ polymerization to functionalize GO with HCCP which acts as a char-catalysing agent (Fig.…”

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

“…Meanwhile, the solution mixing begins with the dispersion of the additives in a polymeric solution followed by a controlled solvent evaporation and a composite film casting [ 52 ]. The organic and inorganic compounds, multi-component formulations, and a range of nanomaterials are used as the additive FRs for different sub-classes of styrenic polymers [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ...…”

“…The functionalisation of GO with organophosphorus compounds can boost the thermal properties of the polymer composites. For instance, Qiu et al (2015) synthesised the organophosphorus oligomer, poly(methylphosphonylbis(hydroxymethyl)hypophosphate) (PMPPD, Figure 12 d), for the preparation of the functionalised graphene oxide (FGO) [ 84 ]. The incorporation of 5 wt% of FGO into PS resulted in the reduction of the heat release rate by 38%, while the value of T max increased by 20 °C [ 84 ].…”

“…For instance, Qiu et al (2015) synthesised the organophosphorus oligomer, poly(methylphosphonylbis(hydroxymethyl)hypophosphate) (PMPPD, Figure 12 d), for the preparation of the functionalised graphene oxide (FGO) [ 84 ]. The incorporation of 5 wt% of FGO into PS resulted in the reduction of the heat release rate by 38%, while the value of T max increased by 20 °C [ 84 ]. Along with better fire protection, the mechanical properties of the polymer such as its tensile and impact strengths were also improved due to the synergism between the PMPPD and FGO sheets.…”

A study on preparation of modified Graphene Oxide and flame retardancy of polystyrene composite microspheres

“…During the combustion process, DOPO is decomposed to form PO·, PO 2 · and other reactive radicals by heating, which can capture free radicals and O· generated by polymer and oxygen, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing combustion. In addition, DOPO could catalyze the formation of polymer coke and act as a synergistic flame retardant between gas phase and solidification phase [4]. Kim W research group [5] synthesized a series of DOPO derivatives FR and applied them to acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene copolymer (ABS).…”