Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

Abstract

Graphene and its derivatives are potential flame retardant materials with good flame retardant performance; in particular, graphene as an adjuvant in combination with inorganic nanomaterials may be a promising candidate of flame retardant. This review describes the flame retardant mechanism, the development trend, and the classification of graphene-based flame retardants. It points out that graphene has attracted intensive interests in the fields of electronics, energy, and information, due to its excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity, good electron transport ability, and large specific surface area. In the meantime, graphene can change the pyrolysis as well as the thermal conductivity, heat absorption, viscosity and dripping of polymer during the combustion process. In other words, graphene can improve the thermal stability of polymer and delay its ignition, and it can also inhibit fire from spreading and reduce heat release rate.

Effect of functionalized graphene oxide with phosphaphenanthrene and isocyanurate on flammability, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of epoxy composites

“…5,6 Among them, GO contains quantities of oxygen-containing functional groups, which is easy to be modified, and used in polymer composites. It has been reported that functionalized graphene can not only improve its compatibility in polymeric matrixes but also improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the polymer and fire safety, [7][8][9][10] which can obtain high-performance composites. [11][12][13] But there are few literatures about simultaneously studying the influence of functionalized GO on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin.…”

Preparation of hexakis (4‐aldehyde phenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene grafted kaolinite and its synergistic fire resistance in poly (butylene succinate)

“…In recent years, nanoparticles have been extensively investigated as synergist into polymer composites not only to enhance thermal stability but also to reduce flammability . These nanoparticles including polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), fumed silica, graphene, and kaolinite (Kaol) exhibit excellent anti‐dripping and char‐forming effects . Benefiting from these synergists, the dosage of flame retardant can be reduced.…”

“…[4] These nanoparticles including polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), fumed silica, graphene, and kaolinite (Kaol) exhibit excellent anti-dripping and char-forming effects. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Benefiting from these synergists, the dosage of flame retardant can be reduced. In addition, after appropriate modification, the nanoparticles will be better dispersed in polymer matrix and show its strong interfacial adsorption to enhance the mechanical properties of matrix resin.…”

Flame‐retardant and thermal degradation mechanisms of melamine polyphosphate in combination with aluminum phosphinate in glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin

“…However, with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of only 19, EP resin is highly flammable and can generate a great quantity of dense smoke in the burning process, which severely restricts its further application for use as the printed circuit board . Due to concerns related to the safety of traditional halogen additives, researchers have mainly focused on halogen‐free flame‐retardant GFEP over the past years .…”