Sustainable Development and Livelihoods of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: The Effects of COVID-19

Hossain, A N M Zakir

doi:10.18280/ijsdp.160615

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Furthermore, the overall unsanitary conditions within the cramped camps have generally been prone to contagious diseases, and the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2019 hit the area quite severely. The drop in overall maternal health and child nutrition has been alarming among the Rohingya population at the onslaught of this recent pandemic, notwithstanding how it also greatly affected the livelihoods of the Rohingya people in the process, thus leaving the populations vulnerable (Hossain, 2021).…”

Section: Non-traditional Security Issues (Livelihood Health and Envir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict Potential of the Rohingya People in Bangladesh and Beyond

Islam

Wara

2022

J. ASEAN Studies

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The article addresses how Myanmar's Rohingya conflict could generate a potential for conflict within the borders of Bangladesh and beyond. The conflict in Myanmar due to the Rohingyas being deprived of their national citizenship had led to the mass exodus in 2017 to Bangladeshi land and the subsequent conflict in the host place. It was referred to various situations, including disputes, killing, abduction, and tensions between the refuges and host people. Based on existing theories of ‘exporting conflict’ such as displacing conflict and spill over effect of ethnic conflict, the article attempted to show how the Rohingya conflict originated in Myanmar lead to serious conflicts taking place in Bangladesh. The theoretical basis proposed in the article had been supported with reliable secondary sources of information and published expert opinions on the contemporary situation of the temporary Rohingya settlements in Bangladesh with regards to their sheltering, refugee management, and progress towards their repatriation process to Myanmar. The article argued that Myanmar's civil conflict had spilled over into Bangladesh's borders due to a sequence of events starting from when Myanmar's civil conflict erupted from its National Citizenship Act. Findings suggest that the Myanmar conflict has been displaced to Bangladesh through many refugee settlements that puts Bangladesh's population in midst of a host of issues concerning livelihood, safety, and security. This has been done while touching upon Bangladesh's position as a host country to millions of Rohingya refugees and shouldering issues already stemming from the temporary shelter of Rohingya people within its borders.

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Section: Non-traditional Security Issues (Livelihood Health and Envir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict Potential of the Rohingya People in Bangladesh and Beyond

Islam

Wara

2022

J. ASEAN Studies

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“…Rohingya refugees are the highest number of displaced people in Southeast Asia (Hossain, 2021). The mass influx of refugees causes environmental degradation both within the refugee camps and in the surrounding areas.…”

Section: Environmental Policy Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, 36% of the community belong in the age group from 5 to 17 years, where 18% are male and 18% are female. In the age group above 18 years, 49% of the population belongs, where males are 22% and females are 27% (Hossain, 2021).…”

Section: Public Health Concerns In Rohingya Refugee Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Policy Issues and Public Health Concerns Associated with Rohingya Refugee Population in Bangladesh

Afroz¹,

Mahbub²

2022

Preprint

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Introduction: The Rohingya population in Myanmar has been adversely affected by the Citizenship Act of 1982. This Act opted out of them from the list of recognized ethnic minorities and deprived them of civil rights and public services. As a result, the Myanmar army started a massive cleaning operation in the Rohingya community where thousands of Rohingyas were killed, and 750,000 refugees fled to Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh is helping this migrant community to settle in Bangladesh with the support of multiple national and international nonprofit organizations. This paper aims to explain the policy challenges in accommodating the Rohingya refugees from an environmental policy and public health perspective.Methodology: In this study, the researchers collected secondary data from multiple sources, such as journal articles, websites of internationally renowned organizations, and the health record of clinics supported by OBAT Helpers, Inc., a U.S.-based nonprofit, who are providing healthcare services to the Rohingya community living in multiple camps. The collected information is summarized systematically to understand the risks to the environment and health conditions in the Rohingya refugee camps that occurred due to a lacking policy readiness and logistic unpreparedness of the government. These issues are very critical not only for the migrant population but also for the host community.Findings: Approximately 860,175 Rohingya Refugees have been placed in 34 camps located in multiple districts in Bangladesh since 2017. To accommodate this large population in Bangladesh, the government had to cut the forest and fill out water bodies. Therefore, deforestation and building houses near cliff areas cause soil erosion and create risks for marine resources. In these camps, the refugees use fuelwood and kerosene for cooking, which increases particle pollution in the air. The overpopulated camps are having issues with the inexistence of ventilation. In the past couple of years, there were several massive fire incidents where hundreds of houses were burnt, and many people were injured and dead. Besides, building new houses for the refugees sets the local biodiversity at critical risk. The Kutupalong camp blocked the only corridor for the Asian elephants and trapped them in a corner of that area. In this challenging situation, the elephants invade nearby camp areas for food. As a result, 13 people died in a human-elephant conflict. Along with the environmental issues, the health condition in these refugee camps is very critical for different age groups and sex. Unplanned water and sewerage system are also polluting the water bodies which is increasing water-borne diseases in the community. The most common diseases found in these clinics are communicable, such as upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), skin disease, cough and cold, diarrhea, chickenpox, respiratory tract infection, fever, measles/rubella, and sexually transmitted disease, and malnutrition. In the past several decades, the Government of Bangladesh has been successfully working root-level to end chronic diseases, such as diphtheria, polio, whooping cough, tetanus, tuberculosis, chickenpox, and cholera which are crucial not only for the babies but for the community. The healthcare services of OBAT Health clinics have found many cases of these chronic diseases among the Rohingya refugees which may bring new threats to public health situations in Bangladesh. The congested environment of the camps spreads communicable diseases including COVID-19. Besides, thousands of patients in the camps are diagnosed with psychological trauma and gender-based violence in multiple age groups. More healthcare facilities are needed in these camps to provide mental healthcare services and support sexually assaulted victims. Conclusion: The government of Bangladesh and multiple national and international organizations are supporting the Rohingya refugees to live with basic human rights and security in Bangladesh. However, accommodating a large number of Rohingya refugees in a very short time causes multiple environmental issues and public health concerns. Policy readiness and logistic preparedness are necessary to reduce these long-term environmental challenges and public health concerns in the refugee camps and the nearby host communities. Planned zoning of the refugee camps and forestation would minimize the harm to land, water bodies, and biodiversity. Providing renewable or clean energy would help reduce PM pollution in the air quality. In addition to that, health education, awareness for immunization and vaccination, and adequate healthcare facilities for physical and mental healthcare would help to minimize health risks in this community. All these proposed solutions require support for policy intervention at both national and international levels. It will help to minimize the risk of climate change and public health issues globally.

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“…Since the end of 2019, all parts of the world have been affected to varying degrees by the COVID-19 pandemic. Offline economic activities have come to a standstill, and people's lifestyles and activities have been restricted as never before [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Against the backdrop of the pandemic, colleges and universities in various areas have implemented management reform measures, including repeatedly postponing the opening of school terms and vacation time, implementing the remote teaching and classroom management systems, and restricting students' gatherings and travels outside campuses to deal with the possible spread of the pandemic [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Correlation between the Mental Stress of College Students and Their Learning Initiative during the Outbreak of COVID-19

Xi¹,

Wen²,

Zhang³

2022

Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn.

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The spread of COVID-19 has brought negative impacts on the life and study of college students and thus aggravated their mental stress in this environment. Existing research has focused more on the status quo of the problem while having ignored its process variability, and there is no research on the correlation between the mental stress of college students and their learning initiative during the outbreak of COVID-19. To this end, this paper conducts an analysis of the correlation between the mental stress of college students and their learning initiative during the outbreak of COVID-19. In-depth analysis was carried out by the factor analysis method in SPSS, and an evaluation model was built for the mental stress of college students during the outbreak of COVID-19 based on four stressors, with the process of how to obtain the evaluation results given. The grey correlation analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between the mental stress of college students and their learning initiative during the outbreak of COVID-19, that is, the factors affecting college students’ learning initiative during the outbreak of COVID-19 were investigated through the grey correlation analysis. Finally, the relevant experimental results were given.

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Sustainable Development and Livelihoods of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: The Effects of COVID-19

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

Conflict Potential of the Rohingya People in Bangladesh and Beyond

Conflict Potential of the Rohingya People in Bangladesh and Beyond

Environmental Policy Issues and Public Health Concerns Associated with Rohingya Refugee Population in Bangladesh

Analysis of the Correlation between the Mental Stress of College Students and Their Learning Initiative during the Outbreak of COVID-19

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