Surgical Site Infection

Abstract

Wound infection can be defined as invasion of organisms through tissuesfollowing a breakdown of local and systemic host defenses. The basic principles of wound careand antisepsis introduced during the past century improved surgery dramatically. Objective:Evaluation of causative organisms which evolved in the surgical site infection (elective abdominalsurgery) at surgical unit of Liaquat university hospital Jamshoro. Subjects & Methods: Thisprospective observational study was contains 103 patients undergoing elective, abdominalsurgery were included in this study. Surgical wound categories i.e. clean, clean contaminated,were included. Prophylactic antibiotics were given in all cases. Primary closure of wounds wasemployed in all cases. Follow up period was 30 days postoperatively. All cases were evaluatedfor postoperative fever, redness and swelling of wound margins, collection and discharge of pus.Cultures were taken from all the cases with any of the above findings. Results: The mean ageof the patient was 37 years with male to female ratio of 1:5:1. The overall rate of wound infectionwas 13.04%. Most frequently involved pathogen was E.col 33.33% followed by Staph Aureus20%, Klebsiella 20%, proteus 13.33%, Pseudomonas 6.66% and no organism was isolated in6.66% cases. Most effective antibiotics were cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides’whereas septran, erythromycin and tetracycline’s were ineffective. Conclusions: Surgicalwound infections are quite common. Time of postoperative hospital stay was twice longer ininfected case. Male sex, old age, anemia, longer duration of operation and wound class weresignificant risk factors. Most common organims are found in this study E-Coli, Kllebcella andStaph Aureus, these are mostly sensitive to cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides.

A Systemic Review on Surgical Site Infections: Classification, Risk Factors, Treatment Complexities, Economical and Clinical Scenarios

“…Several studies conducted in Pakistan to find out the most common pathogen involved in SSI. Bashir et al, reported in their studies that E. coli found in 33.33% cases followed next in frequency by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella in 20%, Proteus in 13.33%, Pseudomonas in 6.66% cases [41]. While Bibi et al, also reported E. coli (33.8%) as a most common pathogen followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.5%) [42].…”

Surgical Site Infections: Prevalence, Economic Burden, and New Preventive Recommendations

“…5 In a study examining the pathogens commonly responsible for the formation of SSIs, 26.16% E.coli, 20% S. aureus, and K. pneumonia, 13.33% Proteus and 6.66% Pseudomonas were found. 6 Another study reported that the infectious agents were 26.16% E.coli, 22.53% Acinetobacter, 14.63% Staphylococcus, 11.78% Enterococcus, 8.16% Klebsiella, 7.64% Pseudomonas, 1.68% Candida, 1.42% Proteus and 2.59% other microorganisms. 7 In the study of Lakoh et al, 49 isolates belonging to 14 different bacteria were detected, including 41 gram-negative (83.7%) and 8 gram-positive (16.3%) isolates.…”