Wound infection can be defined as invasion of organisms through tissuesfollowing a breakdown of local and systemic host defenses. The basic principles of wound careand antisepsis introduced during the past century improved surgery dramatically. Objective:Evaluation of causative organisms which evolved in the surgical site infection (elective abdominalsurgery) at surgical unit of Liaquat university hospital Jamshoro. Subjects & Methods: Thisprospective observational study was contains 103 patients undergoing elective, abdominalsurgery were included in this study. Surgical wound categories i.e. clean, clean contaminated,were included. Prophylactic antibiotics were given in all cases. Primary closure of wounds wasemployed in all cases. Follow up period was 30 days postoperatively. All cases were evaluatedfor postoperative fever, redness and swelling of wound margins, collection and discharge of pus.Cultures were taken from all the cases with any of the above findings. Results: The mean ageof the patient was 37 years with male to female ratio of 1:5:1. The overall rate of wound infectionwas 13.04%. Most frequently involved pathogen was E.col 33.33% followed by Staph Aureus20%, Klebsiella 20%, proteus 13.33%, Pseudomonas 6.66% and no organism was isolated in6.66% cases. Most effective antibiotics were cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides’whereas septran, erythromycin and tetracycline’s were ineffective. Conclusions: Surgicalwound infections are quite common. Time of postoperative hospital stay was twice longer ininfected case. Male sex, old age, anemia, longer duration of operation and wound class weresignificant risk factors. Most common organims are found in this study E-Coli, Kllebcella andStaph Aureus, these are mostly sensitive to cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides.
Objective: To determine the frequency of the clinical pattern and diagnosis of various types of solid testicular swellings and its management outcomes. Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done at the surgery department of Muhammad Medical College, Mirpur Khas. Cases with different presentations raising suspicion about the disease were admitted to the hospital from OPD after recording the detailed history and clinical examination. All the patients presenting with solid testicular swellings underwent inguinal exploration through an incision above the inguinal ligament, regardless of age, were included. After taking verbal informed consent, all the cases underwent testicular biopsies, and specimens were sent to the diagnostic laboratory for histopathological diagnosis. Patients having neoplastic testicular changes were referred, and patients with non-neoplastic testicular swellings lesions were treated conservatively or surgically as per indications. The data and records of all the patients were taken and maintained by the study proforma. Results: A total of 50 cases of solid testicular swellings were studied; their mean age was 48.45+7.23 years. Painless enlargement was present in 70% of cases, enlargement was usually gradual with a feeling of heaviness, followed by painful enlargement in 10.0% of cases. 20(40%) patients were diagnosed as neoplastic testicular swellings, and 30(60%) patients had non-neoplastic swellings. Among 30 cases of testicular swellings, 40.0% had orchitis, 8.0% had trauma, Epididymo-orchitis 12.0%, testicular tuberculosis was in 4.0%, and 1 (2%) had mumps orchitis. All the non-neoplastic lesions were treated successfully and neoplastic lesions cases were referred for further treatment. Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, painless enlargement (usually gradual with the feeling of heaviness) was observed to be the most common clinical feature. However, orchitis, epididymo-orchitis, and tuberculosis of the testis seemed to be the most common diagnoses among non-neoplastic cases. Neoplastic lesions were frequently high. Keywords: Testicles, swelling, features, diagnosis
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