Surface roughness and color measurements of glazed or polished hybrid, feldspathic, and Zirconia CAD/CAM restorative materials after hot and cold coffee immersion

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study evaluates and compares the effect of surface roughness (Ra) and color stability on computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid resin (Vita Enamic), feldspathic (Vitablocs® Mark II), and lithium disilicate Zirconia (Vita Suprinity) glazed or polished ceramics immersed in hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee. Methods A total of 96 standardized samples were prepared from CAD/CAM restorative materials. Half of the samples were polished as per the manufacturer’s instructions using a porcelain polishing kit, and the other half were glazed. Samples were distributed and immersed in hot Arabian Qahwa and cold coffee followed by thermocycling. Ra measurements and color changes were conducted before and after immersion. SEM images were captured from each type of glazed or polished ceramic. One-way ANOVA paired Student’s t-test, and Bonferroni test were conducted to detect significant difference between the groups. P > 0.05 was a significant level. Results Of all the tested samples, Ra increased without any significant difference; however, mean color changes (ΔE*) showed significant differences. An increase in Ra was noted for all the glazed and polished samples after immersion and thermocycling. However, differences were significant only in VM II. In addition, ΔE* was significant only in Vita Suprinity (VS) samples. For immersion groups, significant Ra changes were noticed in glazed samples, only in Vita Enamic (VE) with no ΔE*. In polished samples, mean Ra changes were observed in VM II and VS samples. Significant differences were also noticed in polished VE and VS subgroups of ΔE*. Conclusions Ra affects all the tested samples, providing higher values on the polished specimens. The ΔE* caused by hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee on glazed or polished CAD/CAM restorative materials were clinically acceptable.

Evaluation of colour stability and surface roughness of three CAD/CAM materials (IPS e.max, Vita Enamic, and PEEK) after immersion in two beverage solutions: An in vitro study

“…The results of the present study were in accordance with Ozarslan et al [22] who showed that Vita Enamic Polishing kit technical revealed a lower surface roughness and smoother material surface than the glazed ones. Contrary to the results of the present study, ( [13,30,29] found that the polishing of Vita Enamic resulted in a higher colour change and surface roughness than glazing. This could be due to different polishing materials and techniques used.…”

“…Meaning that if the value has exceeded this threshold it will be prone to plaque accumulation and stain formation [30,39,40] . The reason for the low changes in surface roughness could be related to the effect of surface finishing where glazing IPS e.max CAD showed the lowest change in surface roughness, this was in agreement with many studies (Maciel et al; Abuobaid et al; Aldosari et al) [13,21,29] who reported that glazed IPS emax CAD produced smoother surfaces than polished ones.…”

“…Colour stability is considered to be an important aspect in the success or failure of any restoration. With today's advanced technology, the need for long-lasting aesthetic restoration has grown and is becoming a demand among patients [13] .…”

Effect of Thermocycling on Color, Surface Characteristics, Compressive Fracture, and Fracture Modes of Prosthetic CAD/CAM Ceramics After Smokeless Tobacco Immersion

“…Ra and Rz decrease the biomechanical and esthetic value of prosthetic restorations and growing susceptibility to aging [ 18 ]. Plaque retention with surface staining consistently occurs on rough surfaces of dental restorations [ 19 , 20 ] and cause abrasive damage to opposing dentition [ 21 ]; however, it can also be weakened by the presence of surface flaws or/and cracks, which can lead to prosthesis and ceramic material failure [ 7 , 22 ].…”

“…The dissimilarity of microstructures has an important effect on the clinical performance of these materials. A profilometer device, which measures Ra and Rz, is a useful device for quantifying the microstructure and assessment of the surfaces of ceramic specimens [ 5 , 20 , 23 ]. Thermocycling (TC) is a popular method of artificial accelerated aging of ceramics because it reproduces the oral environment as an extrinsic factor [ 24 – 26 ].…”