Surface modifications of titanium implants – The new, the old, and the never heard of options

Abstract

Successful implant osseointegration requires an ideal biochemical environment for safe integration into the jaw bone. To achieve better osseointegration, implant surface plays a vital role for the cellular level molecular interaction. Hence, various surface treatment options have been adopted as the latest course of action for the titanium (Ti) implants. This review throws a light on various methodologies of surface treatments and their pursuance on Ti implants, also the different responses observed by various surface designs and coatings.

A Study of Laser Micromachining of PM Processed Ti Compact for Dental Implants Applications

“…The typical microscale irregularities, having resulted from the melting and partial melting of the machined material, are visible. Being responsible for the cellular bioactivity and improves the implantation performance, these phenomena are desirable owing to the improvement of the adhesion between the bone tissue and the implant [48,49]. The lower amount of energy used in the laser surface treatment resulted in a typical surface topography with visible laser beam traces which did not occur when higher laser pulse energies were used.…”

Laser-Based Ablation of Titanium–Graphite Composite for Dental Application

“…Machined by applying higher energies, surface S6 revealed rough surface structures. Several irregularly shaped macro and micro cavities observed on the machined surface were the original porosity of the material, that together with the craters and microscale irregularities, having resulted from the melting and partial melting of the machined material, provided a surface structure beneficial to bone cell attachment, new bone integration and adhesion between the bone tissue and implant, as have been confirmed by many authors [58,59]. By roughening the implant surface, the healing of the bone can be improved significantly.…”

Laser Surface Modification of Powder Metallurgy-Processed Ti-Graphite Composite Which Can Enhance Cells’ Osteo-Differentiation

“…This study, following previous studies of the authors, enhances the knowledge on the significance of the surface micro profile parameters Rsk, Rku and RSm, through which cell attachment and proliferation can be modulated. As modern trends in It is well known that surfaces with microscale irregularities along with surface chemistry promote bone cell attachment, new bone integration and adhesion between the bone tissue and implant [56], but a more accurate quantitative characterization is still not entirely sufficient. This study, following previous studies of the authors, enhances the knowledge on the significance of the surface micro profile parameters Rsk, Rku and RSm, through which cell attachment and proliferation can be modulated.…”