A Study of Laser Micromachining of PM Processed Ti Compact for Dental Implants Applications

Abstract

The paper deals with the experimental study of laser beam micromachining of the powder metallurgy processed Ti compacts applying the industrial grade fibre nanosecond laser operating at the wavelength of 1064 nm. The influence of the laser energy density on the surface roughness, surface morphology and surface elements composition was investigated and evaluated by means of surface roughness measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The different laser treatment parameters resulted in the surfaces of very different characteristics of the newly developed biocompatible material prepared by advanced low temperature technology of hydride dehydride (HDH) titanium powder compactation. The results indicate that the laser pulse energy has remarkable effects on the machined surface characteristics which are discussed from the point of view of application in dental implantology.

Laser Surface Modification of Powder Metallurgy-Processed Ti-Graphite Composite Which Can Enhance Cells’ Osteo-Differentiation

“…The results correlate with the findings in [48,51], where the authors claim that the top layer of the film produced on titanium was not a pure TiO2, and it also can be supposed that TiO2 was probably contained in the amorphous structure that is formed due to the extremely fast heating/cooling rates and non-isothermal features, and therefore, no diffraction peaks were detected. The difference between the XRD patterns of Surface A and B were insignificant.…”

“…The reduced metabolism of hMSC on structured surfaces versus flat ones was already described [52]; however, in our case, it is most probably related to the reduced initial cell adhesion to the surface rather than to the decreased cell metabolism, as the cell morphology (Figure 9) corresponds with the alive and proliferating cells. The results correlate with the findings in [48,51], where the authors claim that the top layer of the film produced on titanium was not a pure TiO 2 , and it also can be supposed that TiO 2 was probably contained in the amorphous structure that is formed due to the extremely fast heating/cooling rates and non-isothermal features, and therefore, no diffraction peaks were detected. The difference between the XRD patterns of Surface A and B were insignificant.…”

Laser-Based Ablation of Titanium–Graphite Composite for Dental Application

“…Only during the preliminary experiments conducted without shielding Ar gas, did we observe the XRD peak at around 25.3 • which could correspond to TiO 2 (anatase). It can be assumed that, as the most thermodynamically stable form of oxide, TiO 2 was probably present on the surface in an amorphous structure which was formed due to the very rapid cooling of liquid metal, as was documented also in [61]. It is in agreement with [62], whose authors stated that oxidation products' composition may be very complex, changes gradually, and is a function of the process parameters.…”

Preliminary Study on the Application of Concentrated Solar Power in Metallurgy of Titanium

“…Norgate et al [4] stated that the light metals such as titanium and aluminum had the greatest "cradle-to-gate" environmental impacts in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Gross Energy Requirements (GER). They assessed that for titanium production GWP is of 35.7 kg CO 2 e/kg and GER footprint seems to be small, but expected increased titanium production, due to the powder metallurgical technologies [5][6][7], indicates that any approach to minimize the titanium GWP is very important.…”