Supercritical CO₂ extraction of gurum (Citrulluslanatus var. Colocynthoide) seed oil and its properties comparison with conventional methods

Abstract

Lipid composition, physicochemical, antioxidant, and thermal properties of gurum seed oil obtained from supercritical CO 2 , screw pressing and hexane extraction were studied. Results showed that the highest yield of lipids was obtained by the hexane extraction (34.04%) as compared to supercritical CO 2 (30.05%) and screw pressing (27.5%), respectively. The physicochemical properties of oil extracted by different methods are important criteria to select the oil for edible purpose. Supercritical CO 2 gurum oil has higher linoleic acid composition in comparison to the screw press gurum oil and hexane gurum oil. Supercritical CO 2 gurum oil and hexane gurum oil showed lower free fatty acid values (0.60 and 0.46%, respectively). Supercritical CO 2 gurum oil has shown higher amounts of (C18:1-C18:1-C18:2)-TAG. Supercritical CO 2 gurum oil has excellent properties, especially in the terms of polyphenol, β-tocopherol, ergosta-7, 22-dein-3-ol, and antioxidant activity. Thus, suggesting the supercritical CO 2 gurum oil as desired alternative for extracting fats with altitude nutritional value, while keeping bioactive compounds intact.

Gurum Seeds: A Potential Source of Edible Oil

“…For instance, the solvents used during the extraction is often contaminated the oil then it becomes necessary to add another step to remove the residual solvents. [ 14 ] Oil extraction by the mechanical pressing methods is safer and convenient when compared to the solvent extraction methods. [ 14 ] The solvent extraction of oil from gurum seeds, extraction yield, and their comparison with other cucurbits seeds, such as watermelon and pumpkin seeds are shown in Table 4.…”

“…[ 14 ] Oil extraction by the mechanical pressing methods is safer and convenient when compared to the solvent extraction methods. [ 14 ] The solvent extraction of oil from gurum seeds, extraction yield, and their comparison with other cucurbits seeds, such as watermelon and pumpkin seeds are shown in Table 4. During the solvent extraction, the extractability of oil depends on several factors such as solvent type, solvent polarity, seed type, oil contents, pretreatment conditions, and extraction conditions (temperature, time, and sample and solvent ratios).…”

“…Noticeably, the solvent extraction method outscores mechanical pressing and SFE methods for the extraction of gurum seeds oil. [ 14 ] SFE has also been applied for the extraction of oil from various cucurbit seeds under different conditions and data are presented in Table 4. Optimization of SC–CO 2 extraction conditions can significantly enhances the oil yield from different cucurbit seeds.…”

“…Most often oils from plants consist of more than 95% of triacylglycerol (TAG), [ 27,56 ] but gurum seeds oil showed varied lipid classes, such as 1, 3‐ diacylglycerol (DAG), 1, 2 (2, 3)‐DAG, and, free fatty acids (FFA). [ 13,14 ] The components of gurum seeds oil were influenced by the extraction techniques, such as supercritical CO 2 , mechanical pressing, and solvent extraction. Mariod et al.…”

A comparative and economic study of the extraction of oil from Baru (Dipteryx alata) seeds by supercritical CO2 with and without mechanical pressing

“…On the other hand, SFE has been successfully applied for oil extraction of added value nutraceutical from Vitis vinífera L. ( Coelho et al., 2018 ), Eucommia ulmoides Oliv ( Zhang et al., 2018 ), Hylocereus polyrhizus ( Abdullah et al., 2018 ), Citrullus lanatus var . Colocynthoideis ( Karrar et al., 2019 ), Dracocephalum kotscthyi Boiss (D. kotschyi) ( Sodeifian et al., 2017 ), Plukenetia volubilis L. ( Triana-Maldonado et al., 2017 ), the pulp Caryocar brasiliense ( Johner et al., 2018b ) and Persea americana ( Abaide et al., 2017 ; Corzzini et al., 2017 ). SFE was applied in the extraction of baru seed oil using supercritical carbon dioxide as the extraction solvent, obtaining the highest yields at 40 °C (22.6 %) and 50 °C (22.8 %) at 35 MPa ( Santos et al., 2016 ).…”