Subsurface hydrocarbons detected by electromagnetic sounding

Johansen, Ståle Emil; Amundsen, H. E. F.; Røsten, Tage; Ellingsrud, S.; Eidesmo, T.; Bhuiyan, Anwar

doi:10.3997/1365-2397.2005005

Cited by 105 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results were of sufficient quality to be accepted by key players in the oil industry (Røsten et al 2003), leading to the" real" test of CSEM as a commercial exploration tool with the well-known Troll West Gas Province survey of 2003 (Johansen et al 2005). Since the early days the technology has gone through a significant development.…”

Section: Methods -Where Does Csem Stand Today?mentioning

confidence: 99%

CSEM - Where Do We Stand and Where Can We Go?

Ellingsrud¹

2014

Proceedings

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SUMMARYCSEM was established as an industry 12 years ago by several service companies that offered 2D CSEM commercially. The presentation will focus on how CSEM has developed as a commercial tool since the first commercial introduction 12 years ago and look into the future.The technology has gone through a significant development. The most important step was from 2D to 3D wide azimuth data enabled by improvements in equipment, operations, inversion and streamlined processing of large data volumes. Both horizontal and vertical resistivity cubes are now inverted, enabling mapping of anisotropy and CSEM is no longer limited to deep-water applications.Wide-azimuth 3D surveys will most likely be the main way to acquire CSEM data also in the future. In future processing and inversion, magnetic field data will be used more to improve imaging, especially in shallow water. In general MT data will also be used more which implies stationary seafloor receivers with both electric and magnetic sensors (Ex, Ey, Hx and Hy).CSEM will see deeper (stronger sources), get better resolution and improved data will be processed jointly with seismic, resulting in improved imaging. Moreover, the data will be used as an important part in the oil companies workflow.

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Section: Methods -Where Does Csem Stand Today?mentioning

confidence: 99%

CSEM - Where Do We Stand and Where Can We Go?

Ellingsrud¹

2014

Proceedings

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“…Recent surveys have successfully determined the presence and absence of hydrocarbons within reservoirs (Johansen et al 2005). Direct detection of resistive CO 2 zones within more conductive water-filled strata should, therefore, also be possible.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of monitoring issues and technologies associated with the long-term underground storage of carbon dioxide

Chadwick

Arts

Bentham

et al. 2009

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Large-scale underground storage of CO 2 has the potential to play a key role in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. Typical underground storage reservoirs would lie at depths of 1000m or more and contain tens or even hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO 2 . A likely regulatory requirement is that storage sites would have to be monitored both to prove their efficacy in emissions reduction and to ensure site safety. A diverse portfolio of potential monitoring tools is available, some tried and tested in the oil industry, others as yet unproven. Shallow-focussed techniques are likely to be deployed to demonstrate short-term site performance and, in the longer term, to ensure early warning of potential surface leakage. Deeper focussed methods, notably time-lapse seismic, will be used to track CO 2 migration in the subsurface, to assess reservoir performance and to calibrate/validate site performance simulation models. The duration of a monitoring programme is likely to be highly site specific, but conformance between predicted and observed site performance may form an acceptable basis for site closure. [end of abstract]To combat global warming and ocean acidification, effective control of greenhouse gas emissions is likely to prove one of the most important scientific and technological challenges of the 21 st Century. The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (2000) considered that atmospheric CO 2 levels should not rise above 550 parts per million (ppm), but more recent work (Schellnhuber 2006) suggest that levels above 400 ppm will have dangerous impacts. An equitable international agreement to keep CO 2 levels in the atmosphere below even 550 ppm, based on emissions contraction

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“…Where (γ) is the propagation constant, (ε) permittivity, (μ) permeability, (σ) conductivity, α attenuation factor, β phase factor and ω = 2πf the angular frequency as given in equation (3). Electromagnetic wave propagation can be described by a wave number K as given in equation 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sea bed logging is an application of control source electromagnetic method which is used to locate an oil reservoir beneath the sea floor by measuring electromagnetic fields [1][2][3][4]. In typical control source method a horizontal electric dipole antenna is towed by a surface vessel at a short distance 30m above from the sea floor [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Antenna for Deep Target Hydrocarbon Exploration

Nasir

Yahya

Zaid

et al. 2017

JMEST

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Nowadays control source electromagnetic method is used for offshore hydrocarbon exploration. Hydrocarbon detection in sea bed logging (SBL) is a very challenging task for deep target hydrocarbon reservoir. Response of electromagnetic (EM) field from marine environment is very low and it is very difficult to predict deep target reservoir below 2km from the sea floor. This work premise deals with modeling of new antenna for deep water deep target hydrocarbon exploration. Conventional and new EM antennas at 0.125Hz frequency are used in modeling for the detection of deep target hydrocarbon reservoir. The proposed area of the seabed model (40km ´ 40km) was simulated by using CST (computer simulation technology) EM studio based on Finite Integration Method (FIM). Electromagnetic field components were compared at 500m target depth and it was concluded that Ex and Hz components shows better resistivity contrast. Comparison of conventional and new antenna for different target depths was done in our proposed model. From the results, it was observed that conventional antenna at 0.125Hz shows 70% ,86% resistivity contrast at target depth of 1000m where as new antenna showed 329%, 355% resistivity contrast at the same target depth for Ex and Hz field respectively. It was also investigated that at frequency of0.125Hz, new antenna gave 46% better delineation of hydrocarbon at 4000m target depth. This is due to focusing of electromagnetic waves by using new antenna. New antenna design gave 125% more extra depth than straight antenna for deep target hydrocarbon detection. Numerical modeling for straight and new antenna was also done to know general equation for electromagnetic field behavior with target depth. From this numerical model it was speculated that this new antenna can detect up to 4.5 km target depth. This new EM antenna may open new frontiers for oil and gas industry for the detection of deep target hydrocarbon reservoir (HC).

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Subsurface hydrocarbons detected by electromagnetic sounding

Cited by 105 publications

References 9 publications

CSEM - Where Do We Stand and Where Can We Go?

CSEM - Where Do We Stand and Where Can We Go?

Review of monitoring issues and technologies associated with the long-term underground storage of carbon dioxide

Modeling of Antenna for Deep Target Hydrocarbon Exploration

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