Abstract. This paper describes the synthesis of cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles and their application in enhanced oil recovery. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles were used as ferrite magnetic feeders with antenna to improve the magnetic field strength and cobalt ferrite nanofluid to improve oil recovery. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method. These nanoparticles were then characterized by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles annealed at 600 o C, the particle size is 51.17nm and 26nm as determined by XRD and FESEM, respectively while for the sample annealed at 800 o C, the particle size is 62nm as determined by XRD and 60 nm as determined by FESEM. Magnetic measurement results show that initial permeability of cobalt ferrite powder increased and relative loss factor decreased at high frequency. In order to improve the oil recovery, nanoparticles were used in two different experiments. In the first experiment, nanoparticles were used as magnetic feeders with an antenna to improve the magnetic field strength. In the second experiment, nanoparticles were used as nanofluids. Results show that the antenna with magnetic feeders increases the magnetic field strength by 0.94% as compared to antenna without magnetic feeders in the water, and by 5.90% in the air. Magnitude versus offset (MVO) study of antenna with magnetic feeders shows an increase in magnetic field strength of 275% as compared to antenna without magnetic feeders. It is found that antenna with magnetic feeders was able to recover 29.50% and 20.82% of original oil in place (OOIP) in core rock samples A-1 and A-2 respectively. The use of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles as a nanofluid with electromagnetic waves yielded a higher recovery of residual oil in place (ROIP) which is 31.58% as compared to 8.70% when it was used as nanofluid alone. It is investigated that due to absorption of electromagnetic waves by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles the oil viscosity reduces which increase the oil recovery. It can be concluded that the synthesised cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles can be potentially used for enhanced oil recovery in future.
This is our initial response towards preparation of nano-inductors garnet for high operating frequencies strontium iron garnet (Sr3Fe5O12) denoted as SrIG and yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) denoted as YIG. The garnet nano crystals were prepared by novel sol-gel technique. The phase and crystal structure of the prepared samples were identified by using X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM images were done to reveal the surface morphology of the samples. Raman spectra was taken for yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12). The magnetic properties of the samples namely initial permeability (micro), relative loss factor (RLF) and quality factor (Q-Factor) were done by using LCR meter. From the XRD profile, both of the Y3Fe5O12 and Sr3Fe5O12 samples showed single phase garnet and crystallization had completely occurred at 900 degrees C for the SrIG and 950 degrees C for the YIG samples. The YIG sample showed extremely low RLF value (0.0082) and high density 4.623 g/cm3. Interesting however is the high Q factor (20-60) shown by the Sr3Fe5O12 sample from 20-100 MHz. This high performance magnetic property is attributed to the homogenous and cubical-like microstructure. The YIG particles were used as magnetic feeder for EM transmitter. It was observed that YIG magnetic feeder with the EM transmitter gave 39% higher magnetic field than without YIG magnetic feeder.
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