Subchronic Systemic Toxicity of New Endodontic Material Based on Calcium Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Silicates

Abstract

As an alternative to MTA, a new endodontic material based on hydroxyapatite and calcium silicates (ALBO-MPSA) has been synthesized, and its biocompatibility has been studied in manyin vitroandin vivostudies. The current study aims to evaluate a subchronic systemic toxicity of ALBO-MPSA on the rat animal model, as a continuation of the previous studies. Biochemical parameters of blood and histological parameters of the liver, kidneys, and spleen of the rats were analyzed after 120 days of consumption of the aqueous extract of ALBO-MPSA. The results showed no myelotoxic effect or autoimmune effect on peripheral blood cells and no pathological effect on the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues. Besides, no changes in the skin and hair of the rats, neither the change in the consumption of food and water, nor the change in their usual behavior were noticed during the experiment.

Toxicological Profile of Nanostructured Bone Substitute Based on Hydroxyapatite and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) after Subchronic Oral Exposure of Rats

“…The connective tissue cells, as stromal cells, did not change their structure or density, suggesting no pathological change on liver tissue occurred during four months of exposure. Similar to our results, in previous studies of systematic toxicity of new endodontic materials that are based on calcium hydroxyapatite and calcium silicates, an increased mitotic activity of parenchymal cells was observed and followed by the increased density of the cells and a moderate increase in the liver sinusoids and hepatocyte surface [36,37].…”

“…Furthermore, number of CD68 positive immune cells in spleen was similar in the experimental and control group. In previous investigations of systemic toxicity of new endodontic material based on hydroxyapatite and calcium silicates, the slight hypertrophic changes in white pulp were reported, with no adverse effect on the spleen function and its immune response activation [36]. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of the number of connective cells in the spleen of rats, during the treatment with ALBO-OS, which is a consequence of the increased production of lymphocytes in the spleen and their increased activity in the blood.…”

Biocompatibility Study of a New Dental Cement Based on Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Silicates: Focus on Liver, Kidney, and Spleen Tissue Effects

“…Furthermore, the number and numerical density of the connective tissue cells in liver significantly increased in the experimental group, while no differences in structure or density were observed after 4 months of exposure to the tested material. Similar to the results presented here, in previous studies of systematic toxicity of new endodontic materials, increased mitotic activity of parenchymal cells was accompanied by the increased density of the stromal cells [ 19 , 33 ]. Immunostaining showed significant increase in Ki67 protein in the livers of the treated animals, supporting the findings of parenchymal proliferation [ 34 ] but without differences in the expression of CD68 protein, which indicated that no macrophage proliferation occurred in response to subchronic exposure to the tested material [ 35 ].…”

“…It has also the advantages of calcium silicates whose progressive hydration enables the transition of a hydrating cement paste from a fluid to a rigid material as a continuous process. Many biocompatibility aspects of tested cement have been already investigated at in vitro and in vivo conditions and compared to those of MTA [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], but their biocompatibility has to be further analyzed to assure absolute safety of application of this new material.…”

Application of New Nanostructured Materials in Furcation Defects Therapy

“…The improved physical properties of calcium silicate cements obtained by the application of nanotechnology in terms of lower degree of solubility, higher structural stability of the material, and shorter bonding time, as well as lower cytotoxicity and better biocompatibility of these materials [40,41], are sufficient reasons for examining their application in vivo conditions. The chemical nature of the material and the method of synthesis should ensure satisfactory biological behavior of these materials in living tissues.…”