The potential use of calcium phosphate cements in endodontic therapy is an active area of research. Hydroxyapatite is one of the most commonly used calcium phosphate materials in medicine and dentistry. Biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite is closely related to its chemical composition, similar to dental and bony tissues. Recent studies have focused on new and modified formulations of calcium-phosphate-based biomaterials with improved mechanical and maintained favorable biological properties. Recently, two non-commercial new nanomaterials based on calcium silicates and hydroxyapatite have been synthesized. One is a calcium silicate system of tricalcium and dicalcium silicates (CS), and the other one is a mixture of the calcium silicate system and hydroxyapatite (HA-CS). Both CS and HA-CS are nanostructural materials. Particle size affects cement hydration and consequently setting time and final quality of the cement. Fast setting is a clear clinical advantage while cement composition and internal nanostructure are expected to provide biological behavior in vital tissues. The problem with furcation perforation repair is still not agreed upon as no currently available materials meet all the requirements of an ideal repair material as defined in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the tissue reaction of two new repair materials for furcation perforations.
Introduction Calcium silicate cements can be successfully used for the treatment of root perforations due to their exceptional biological and sealing properties. The aim of this study was to test, using dye penetration method, marginal microleakage of newly synthesized nanostructured biomaterials based on calcium silicate system and hydroxyapatite after their application in interradicular perforation of extracted teeth. Material and Methods The study included 34 extracted human molars. Newly synthesized nanostructured materials: one based on calcium silicate system (CS), and the other one based on hydroxyapatite and active calcium silicate system (HA-CS) were tested. Mineral trioxide agreaggate (MTA; Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) was used as control. Marginal microleakage was evaluated using dye penetration test 6 months after the application of materials in experimentally prepared inter-radicular perforations in extracted human molars. Dye penetration was analyzed using light microscope at 30X magnification, a method of quantifying visual information in computer software for image processing (Adobe Photoshop CS5 Extended, version 12.0 x 32). The values were expressed in millimeters, and the results statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α=0.05). Results The shortest dye penetration was measured for calcium silicate system (0.44 mm), while slightly higher values were found for MTA (0.54 mm). Dye penetration for hydroxyapatite and active calcium silicate system (2.00 mm) was longer than for the other two materials (p<0.05). Conclusion The lowest marginal microleakage was observed in CS and was comparable to MTA. Microleakage in HA-CS was significantly higher than CS and MTA.
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