Sub-Centimeter Spatial Resolution in Distributed Fiber Sensing Based on Dynamic Brillouin Grating in Optical Fibers

Chin, Sanghoon; Primerov, Nikolay; Thévenaz, Luc

doi:10.1109/jsen.2011.2126568

Cited by 54 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We then highlighted applications of Brillouin sensing in detecting various geometrical features in PCFs, microfibres, and on-chip waveguides using non-distributed measurement with high sensitivity and mapping the opto-acoustic responses using distributed SBS measurements with high spatial resolution, featuring today's state-of-the-art spatial resolution. The potential to further increase the spatial resolution to the scale of molecular vibrations (approximately 100 µm) [88] will enable the study of the phonon-photon interaction at this limit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BDG employs the refractive index grating generated in one polarization to Bragg reflect the pump wave in the orthogonal polarization [87]. This technique could achieve sub-cm spatial resolution (5.5 mm) [88]; however, it requires polarization-maintaining fibre and more than one pump laser to realize SBS in two orthogonal directions.…”

Section: Distributed Brillouin Sensing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resolution Brillouin Sensing of Micro-Scale Structures

et al. 2018

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Brillouin distributed measurement techniques have been extensively developed for structural health monitoring using fibre optic nerve systems. The recent advancement in the spatial resolution capabilities of correlation-based Brillouin distributed technique have reached the sub-mm regime, making this approach a suitable candidate for monitoring and characterizing integrated photonic devices. The small dimension associated with the short length of these devices—on the order of the cm- and mm-scale—requires high sensitivity detection techniques and sub-mm spatial resolution. In this paper, we provide an overview of the different Brillouin sensing techniques in various micro-scale structures such as photonic crystal fibres, microfibres, and on-chip waveguides. We show how Brillouin sensing is capable of detecting fine transverse geometrical features with the sensitivity of a few nm and also extremely small longitudinal features on the order of a few hundreds of μ m . We focus on the technique of Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (BOCDA), which enables such high spatial resolution for mapping the opto-acoustic responses of micro-scale waveguides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributed Brillouin Sensing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution Brillouin Sensing of Micro-Scale Structures

et al. 2018

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“…Over the last decade, a significant alternative to the inscription of permanent fiber gratings has been established in the form of Brillouin dynamic gratings (BDGs) [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. A pair of counterpropagating optical pump fields in one spatial mode of the fiber is used to generate an acoustic wave through a backwards-stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process [42,52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept is most often implemented in polarization-maintaining fibers: Pump waves polarized along one principal axis generate the BDG, and a probe wave of the orthogonal polarization is reflected by the grating [42]. BDGs over polarization-maintaining fibers are used in distributed sensing of strain and temperature, variable all-optical delay lines, microwave photonic filters and all-optical signal processing applications [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. The principle is not restricted to polarization-maintaining fibers only: in one notable example, Kim and Song used pump and probe waves in different guided core modes of a few-order-mode fiber [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed cladding mode fiber-optic sensor

Bashan

London

Diamandi

et al. 2020

Optica

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The analysis of substances outside the cladding has challenged the optical fiber sensors community for decades. A common solution relies on the propagation of light in cladding modes. However, the coupling of light to/from these modes is typically based on permanent gratings in specific locations, which restrict the sensors to point measurements only. In this work, we present dynamic, random-access coupling of light between core and cladding modes of standard fibers, in arbitrarily located short sections. Coupling is based on the stimulation of Brillouin dynamic gratings by two coded pump waves and intermodal scattering of a third optical probe wave. All waves are launched and collected in the core mode. No permanent gratings are inscribed. Distributed sensing of surrounding media is demonstrated with 2 m range and 8 cm resolution. Measurements distinguish between water and ethanol outside the fiber. The measurement accuracy of the local index outside the cladding is 0.004-0.0004 refractive index units.

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“…BDG can also be applied to enhance the spatial resolution of an ordinary Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) system by replacing the Brillouin probe with the reflection from the BDG. It is possible this way to acquire a narrowband Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) with a broadband pulse using the BDG, and measurements with a 0.5 cm spatial resolution have been demonstrated experimentally, which is the best result ever reported using a time-domain Brillouin sensor [9,10].…”

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confidence: 96%

High Spatial and Spectral Resolution Long-Range Sensing Using Brillouin Echoes

Thévenaz

Mafang

Chin

et al. 2011

Frontiers in Optics 2011/Laser Science XXVII

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While classical configurations have a practical spatial resolution of 1 meter, novel approaches have been demonstrated that can overcome this limit to offer spatial resolutions in the centimetre range, while preserving full measurand accuracy.OCIS codes: (060.2370) Fiber optics sensors; (290.5900) Scattering, stimulated Brillouin.Optical fibre sensors based on stimulated Brillouin scattering have now clearly demonstrated their excellent capability for long-range distributed strain and temperature measurements. The fibre is used as sensing element and a value for temperature and/or strain can be obtained from any point along the fibre. While classical configurations have practically a spatial resolution limited by the phonon lifetime to 1 meter, novel approaches have been demonstrated these past years that can overcome this limit. This can be achieved either by the prior activation of the acoustic wave by a long lasting pre-pumping signal, leading to the optimized configuration using Brillouin echoes, or by probing a classically generated steady acoustic wave using a ultra-short pulse propagating in the orthogonal polarization of a highly birefringent fibre. These novel configurations can offer spatial resolutions in the centimetre range, while preserving the full accuracy on the determination of temperature and strain.The commonly accepted opinion that the spatial resolution of a pulse-based Brillouin sensor is limited to 1 m was seriously questioned when Bao et al observed an unexpected narrowing of the Brillouin gain spectrum down to its natural linewidth when pulses turned shorter than the phonon lifetime (6 ns) [1]. It is now unanimously accepted by all specialists that this special behaviour results from a pre-excitation of the acoustic wave through the presence of a continuous background pump [2]. Basically, the observation of this effect depends on the pre-existence of an important acoustic wave in the fibre medium vibrating at the exact Brillouin frequency resonance. This acoustic wave is conveniently generated through stimulated Brillouin scattering using a continuous wave at the probe frequency and another continuous wave (or a long pulse) at the pump frequency. Among the 3 waves involved in the interaction, the 2 optical waves can experience very fast changes in their amplitude and phase, while the acoustic wave presents a highly inertial behaviour and requires a typical time equal to a multiple of its 6 ns lifetime to adapt to a new situation. For instance, if the pump is suddenly turned off, the acoustic wave will gradually decay and will still exist during the typical duration of its lifetime, despite the absence of stimulated interaction. This inertial property is used to change very briefly amplitude or phase of the pump, during a time T so short that the acoustic wave does not experience a notable change (T << phonon lifetime. This way the pump will be reflected by the acoustic wave, but under transient conditions that do not correspond to those required by amplitude and phase matchin...

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Sub-Centimeter Spatial Resolution in Distributed Fiber Sensing Based on Dynamic Brillouin Grating in Optical Fibers

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

High Resolution Brillouin Sensing of Micro-Scale Structures

High Resolution Brillouin Sensing of Micro-Scale Structures

Distributed cladding mode fiber-optic sensor

High Spatial and Spectral Resolution Long-Range Sensing Using Brillouin Echoes

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