Distributed cladding mode fiber-optic sensor

Bashan, Gil; London, Yosef; Diamandi, Hilel Hagai; Zadok, Avi

doi:10.1364/optica.377610

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This property gives rise to non-reciprocal propagation effects that are out of reach with intra-modal forward SBS 28 , 29 , 33 , and also removes the symmetry between scattering to the upper and lower probe sidebands 28 – 33 . Inter-modal Brillouin scattering is also possible in the backward direction 34 : the process has been demonstrated between the single-core mode and cladding modes of standard fibres, and is used in distributed sensing of refractive index outside the cladding 34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

et al. 2021

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Opto-mechanical interactions in guided wave media are drawing great interest in fundamental research and applications. Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering, in particular, is widely investigated in optical fibres and photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we report a comprehensive study of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering over standard, panda-type polarization maintaining fibres. We distinguish between intra-polarization scattering, in which two pump tones are co-polarized along one principal axis, and inter-polarization processes driven by orthogonally polarized pump waves. Both processes are quantified in analysis, calculations and experiment. Inter-modal scattering, in particular, introduces cross-polarization switching of probe waves that is non-reciprocal. Switching takes place in multiple wavelength windows. The results provide a first demonstration of opto-mechanical non-reciprocity of forward scatter in standard fibre. The inter-polarization process is applicable to distributed sensors of media outside the cladding and coating boundaries, where light cannot reach. The process may be scaled towards forward Brillouin lasers, optical isolators and circulators and narrowband microwave-photonic filters over longer sections of off-the-shelf polarization maintaining fibres.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

et al. 2021

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“…istributed optical fibre sensors (DOFS) 1 offer the capability to continuously inform on the spatial distribution of environmental quantities (such as temperature/strain [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , acoustic impedance 17,18 , refractive index 19 , etc.) along with an optical fibre.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…along with an optical fibre. Most DOFS exploit natural scattering processes present in optical fibres 20 , such as Rayleigh [2][3][4]10 , spontaneous Raman 5,6,11 and spontaneous/stimulated Brillouin 9,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] scatterings. These backscattered optical signals can be interrogated in time [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][16][17][18] , frequency [9][10][11] , correlation 12,13,19 or mixed 14,15 domains, each with their proper advantages targeting specific applications 1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic-optimised aperiodic code for distributed optical fibre sensors

et al. 2020

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Distributed optical fibre sensors deliver a map of a physical quantity along an optical fibre, providing a unique solution for health monitoring of targeted structures. Considerable developments over recent years have pushed conventional distributed sensors towards their ultimate performance, while any significant improvement demands a substantial hardware overhead. Here, a technique is proposed, encoding the interrogating light signal by a single-sequence aperiodic code and spatially resolving the fibre information through a fast post-processing. The code sequence is once forever computed by a specifically developed genetic algorithm, enabling a performance enhancement using an unmodified conventional configuration for the sensor. The proposed approach is experimentally demonstrated in Brillouin and Raman based sensors, both outperforming the state-of-the-art. This methodological breakthrough can be readily implemented in existing instruments by only modifying the software, offering a simple and cost-effective upgrade towards higher performance for distributed fibre sensing.

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“…The resultant gain coefficient of BIBS depends on the three‐wave field overlap. Although pioneering demonstrations of BIBS process have been made in a micro‐sphere cavity, [ 39 ] in few‐modal fibers [ 40,41 ] and recently achieved in single‐modal optical fibers between the core mode and the cladding mode, [ 42 ] it has not yet been well explored in integrated photonic platforms. [ 43 ] Forward inter‐modal Brillouin scattering between co‐propagating optical waves was reported in micro‐structured fibers, [ 44 ] and was recently demonstrated in suspended silicon membrane photonic circuits [ 36 ] which enabled an isolator [ 34 ] and a silicon Brillouin laser.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulator‐Free Brillouin Photonic Planar Circuit

Liu

Choudhary

Ren

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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On‐chip stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) that results from enhanced light–sound interactions, has recently demonstrated great applicability and versatility for signal generation and manipulation. Progress toward realizing fully integrated Brillouin photonic circuits is promising; however, the control and routing of on‐chip optical waves requires non‐reciprocal elements such as circulators, which is challenging and adds complexity. Here, a circulator‐free Brillouin photonic planar waveguide circuit which eliminates the need for separate non‐reciprocal elements is demonstrated. Backward inter‐modal Brillouin scattering (BIBS) is used in a planar photonic integrated circuit, for the first time, to provide Brillouin processing capability in a multi‐modal waveguide, conveniently allowing for the separation of counter‐propagating pump and signal using passive integrated mode‐selective filters. Using an As2S3–Si hybrid multi‐modal photonic circuit, inter‐optical‐mode energy transfer with a Brillouin gain coefficient of 280 m−1W−1 is experimentally demonstrated, representing two orders of magnitude enhancement compared to conventional optical fibers. This on‐chip BIBS circuit allows for independent routing of pump and signal waves, showing resilience to the cross talk. The experimental demonstrations provide an important basis for achieving fully integrated Brillouin photonic circuits without requiring on‐chip circulators and fine spectral filtering, opening a new dimension for studying spatial‐dependent photon–phonon nonlinear dynamics.

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Distributed cladding mode fiber-optic sensor

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

Genetic-optimised aperiodic code for distributed optical fibre sensors

Circulator‐Free Brillouin Photonic Planar Circuit

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