Abstract:Energy transfer between the interacting waves in a distributed Brillouin sensor can result in a distorted measurement of the local Brillouin gain spectrum, leading to systematic errors. It is demonstrated that this depletion effect can be precisely modelled. This has been validated by experimental tests in an excellent quantitative agreement. Strict guidelines can be enunciated from the model to make the impact of depletion negligible, for any type and any length of fiber. Gonzalez-Herraez, "Brillouin optical time-domain analysis assisted by second-order Raman amplification," Opt. Express 18(18), 18769-18778 (2010). 13. Y. Dong, L. Chen, and X. Bao, "System optimization of a long-range Brillouin-loss-based distributed fiber sensor," Appl. Opt. 49(27), 5020-5025 (2010). 14. M. Niklès, L. Thévenaz, and P. A. Robert, "Simple distributed fiber sensor based on Brillouin gain spectrum analysis," Opt. Lett. 21(10), 758-760 (1996). 15. S. Diaz, S. Mafang-Foaleng, M. Lopez-Amo, and L. Thevenaz, "A high-performance optical time-domain Brillouin distributed fiber sensor," IEEE Sens. J. 8(7), 1268-1272 (2008
Abstract:We provide a complete experimental characterization of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a 160 m long solid-core photonic crystal fiber, including threshold and spectrum measurements as well as positionresolved mapping of the Brillouin frequency shift. In particular, a three-fold increase of the Brillouin threshold power is observed, in excellent agreement with the spectrally-broadened Brillouin gain spectrum. Distributed measurements additionally reveal that the rise of the Brillouin threshold results from the broadband nature of the gain spectrum all along the fiber and is strongly influenced by strain. Our experiments confirm that these unique fibers can be exploited for the passive control or the suppression of Brillouin scattering. Brillouin shift along single-mode optical fibres," Opt. Lett. 4, 1128Lett. 4, -1130Lett. 4, (2004. 11. R. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy and R. M. Derosier, "Spontaneous Brillouin scattering for single-mode optical fiber characterization," Electron. Lett. 22, 1011Lett. 22, -1012Lett. 22, (1986. 12. P. Bayvel and P. M. Radmore "Solutions of the SBS equations in single mode optical fibers and implications for fiber transmission systems," Electron. Lett. 26, 434-435 (1990). 13. R. G. Smith, "Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering," Appl. Opt. 11, 2489-2494 (1972
Abstract-A novel configuration for a Brillouin distributed fiber sensor based on Brillouin optical time-domain analysis is proposed. This configuration eliminates many intensity noise issues found in previous schemes. Resolution of 7 m all over a 47 km single-mode fiber was achieved and resolution down to 30 cm in a few kilometer fiber. Noise reduction makes possible measurements with a 16 times averaging.Index Terms-Brillouin scattering, nonlinear optics, optical fiber sensors.
A simple physical description of the nonlinear optical interaction based on Brillouin echoes is presented. This technique makes potentially possible distributed Brillouin sensing down to centimeter spatial resolution while preserving the narrowband feature of the natural Brillouin gain spectrum. Experimental conditions for the generation of Brillouin echoes are described and demonstrations of distributed measurements using a 1 ns (10 cm) pulse are presented.
A general analytic solution for Brillouin distributed sensing in optical fibers with sub-meter spatial resolution is obtained by solving the acoustical-optical coupled wave equations by a perturbation method. The Brillouin interaction of a triad of square pump pulses with a continuous signal is described, covering a wide range of pumping schemes. The model predicts how the acoustic wave, the signal amplitude and the optical gain spectral profile depend upon the pumping scheme. Sub-meter spatial resolution is demonstrated for bright-, dark-and π-shifted interrogating pump pulses, together with disturbing echo effects, and the results compare favorably with experimental data. This analytic solution is an excellent tool not only for optimizing the pumping scheme but also for post-processing the measured data to remove resolution degrading features. ©2011 Optical Society of AmericaOCIS codes: (060.2370) Fiber optics sensors; (290.5900) Scattering, stimulated Brillouin. References and links1. L. Thévenaz, "Brillouin distributed time-domain sensing in optical fibers: state of the art and perspectives,"Front. Optoelectron. China 3(1), 13-21 (2010
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